相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 6, 2025

07:54
Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
Published on: March 15, 2018
10.9K
线虫中的进化可塑性 霍克斯基因补充和基因组位置安排
Joseph Kirangwa1, Dominik R Laetsch2, Erna King3
1Institut für Zoologie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany. jkirangw@uni-koeln.de.
Scientific reports
|November 28, 2024
概括
霍克斯基因是动物发育模式. 虽然通常是集群的,但这项研究揭示了80种线虫物种的多样化Hox基因组织,包括完整和分散的安排,提供了进化见解.
科学领域:
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 进化遗传学 进化遗传学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 霍克斯基因对于甲动物的体型形成和细胞命运决定至关重要.
- 典型的霍克斯基因集群模型 (HOX1-HOX9) 在线虫中没有保存,Caenorhabditis elegans表现出来自四个祖先群的六个霍克斯基因分散的集合.
- 基因组组织和正义学家的存在在Nematoda.phylum中存在显著差异.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究霍克斯基因补充和基因组组织在Nematoda的进化.
- 了解在C. elegans中观察到的分散的霍克斯基因集群的起源.
- 通过使用高质量的基因组组件,分析主要线虫群的Hox基因多样性.
主要方法:
- 对霍克斯基因补充物的比较基因组学分析.
- 检查来自80种线虫物种和线虫类外群的高质量基因组组合.
- 遗传学分析来追踪霍克斯基因集群的进化历史.
主要成果:
- 连体动物拥有多达六个ortology组的Hox基因.
- 虽然许多线虫的霍克斯群被非霍克斯基因中断,但在一些物种中发现了完整的,非分散的群.
- 霍克斯基因的基因组组织显示出显著的变异,挑战了典型的集群模型.
结论:
- 线虫中Hox基因组织的进化是多样化的,存在分散的和完整的集群安排.
- 这项研究为Nematoda.中的Hox基因补充提供了一个全面的进化框架.
- 了解线虫中的霍克斯基因进化,可以揭示身体计划发展和进化的更广泛模式.
相关概念视频
Position-effect Variegation
6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K
Gene Conversion
9.7K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
9.7K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
15.2K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.2K
Cis-regulatory Sequences
9.8K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
9.8K
Pleiotropy
39.8K
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
39.8K
Dosage Compensation
6.1K
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
6.1K

