为什么"开放"的人工智能系统实际上是封闭的,为什么这很重要
David Gray Widder1, Meredith Whittaker2,3, Sarah Myers West4
1Digital Life Initiative, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA. david.g.widder@gmail.com.
Nature
|November 28, 2024
概括
关于开放的人工智能 (AI) 的说法往往掩盖了行业的集中. 人工智能的真正开放,虽然提供了透明度和可扩展性,但并没有减少集中权力,而且可以加剧它.
科学领域:
- 计算机科学
- 人工智能道德
- 科学与技术研究
背景情况:
- 讨论了"开放式"人工智能 (AI) 的定义和含义.
- 目前的言论往往错误地将开源软件概念应用于人工智能.
- 产业主体利用"开放"的人工智能声称来影响有关创新,民主和安全的政策.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地检查"开放"人工智能要求的基础和含义.
- 提供人工智能系统中什么是开放性的材料分析.
- 澄清人工智能开放性和权力集中之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对人工智能开发和部署实践的分析.
- 对人工智能模型,数据,劳动力,框架和计算资源的检查.
- 使用开源软件模型进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- "开放"的人工智能提供了透明度,可重复使用性和可扩展性等优势.
- 最大的开放性允许一些监督和实验.
- 开放性本身并不能破坏人工智能领域的权力集中.
结论:
- 围绕"开放"人工智能的言论可以用来巩固而不是减少权力集中.
- 大公司对开源软件的选择与当前的人工智能趋势相似.
- 人工智能"开放性"的政策定义至关重要,需要仔细审查.
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