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相关概念视频

Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level

Published on: July 26, 2024

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人类复制起源许可的多种机制

Ran Yang1, Olivia Hunker1, Marleigh Wise1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Nature
|November 28, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

人类MCM装载到DNA涉及与酵母不同的灵活机制,利用ORC6和MCM2-7的自我二元化进行复制起源许可和细胞应激弹性.

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level
10:11

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

273

科学领域:

  • 分子生物学
  • 细胞生物学
  • 生物化学

背景情况:

  • DNA复制的启动需要将MCM2-7复制酶加载到DNA上.
  • 原产地识别综合体 (ORC) 和共同装载器将MCM2-7作为双六合体存储,以许可复制原产地.
  • 与酵母不同的是,多细胞真核生物中MCM加载的机制尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 生物化学复制和阐明人类的MCM载荷路径.
  • 调查ORC6在人类MCM负载中的作用.
  • 确定MCM双六体形成的中间体和机制.

主要方法:

  • 人类MCM加载路径的生物化学复制.
  • 传输电子显微镜 (TEM) 用于可视化加载中间体.
  • 对ORC6在MCM加载中的作用的分析.

主要成果:

  • 人类的MCM负载由ORC6增强,而不是必不可少,与酵母不同.
  • 鉴定了一种含有DNA的MCM单个六合体中间体.
  • 证实了MCM双六合体形成的多种途径,包括ORC介导和MCM自二分化.
  • 在人类和酵母中特征出不同的MCM-ORC (MO) 复合物.

结论:

  • 人类的MCM负载通过多种机制表现出灵活性,可能增强对复制压力的弹性.
  • 已识别的中间体和途径为真核细胞DNA复制启动提供了洞察力.
  • 复制系统有助于对复制启动和结合事件的未来研究.