放射治疗对血液性恶性瘤的突变性影响和进化影响
Benjamin Diamond1, Dhanvantri Chahar2, Michael D Jain3
1Myeloma Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|November 28, 2024
概括
放射疗法 (RT) 和化疗可以导致DNA损伤,导致ID8突变在复发性血液癌症中的突变特征. 通过全基因组测序检测到的这种特征,可以将复发的起源追溯到单个耐药细胞.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
背景情况:
- 电离辐射疗法 (RT) 是一种标准的癌症治疗方法,诱导DNA双链断裂.
- 这些断裂的非同类末端关节修复与固体瘤中的ID8突变特征有关.
- 血液性恶性瘤中RT诱导的DNA损伤和突变格局在很大程度上仍未被描述.
研究的目的:
- 研究RT诱导的DNA损伤和血液恶性瘤中的ID8突变特征的作用.
- 探索RT,化疗和血液癌症中的基因组进化之间的相互作用.
- 确定ID8是否可以作为基因组条形码来追踪复发来源.
主要方法:
- 580例患者样本的全基因组测序 (WGS) (大B细胞淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,骨髓状瘤).
- 分析来自RT和治疗的淋巴瘤细胞的单细胞群.
- 基因组分析以识别和量化ID8突变特征.
主要成果:
- ID8突变特征仅在复发性血液性恶性瘤中被发现.
- 在暴露于RT和基化疗后检测到ID8.
- 在RT/暴露和ID8签名频率之间观察到剂量反应关系.
- ID8作为基因组条形码,表明单个抗RT细胞可以启动系统性复发.
结论:
- 在RT和化疗后,ID8突变特征与血液恶性瘤的复发有关.
- 在血液癌症中,RT和化疗有助于基因组变化,包括ID8.
- 使用ID8的基因组条形编码证实了从单个耐药细胞中复发的克隆播种.
相关概念视频
Mutations
34.0K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
34.0K
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity
1.2K
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
1.2K
Biological Effects of Radiation
15.3K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
15.3K
Mismatch Repair
4.8K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
4.8K
Cancer Therapies
7.6K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
7.6K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
5.7K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
5.7K


