相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Epigenetic Conversion as a Safe and Simple Method to Obtain Insulin-secreting Cells from Adult Skin Fibroblasts
08:45

Epigenetic Conversion as a Safe and Simple Method to Obtain Insulin-secreting Cells from Adult Skin Fibroblasts

Published on: March 18, 2016

6.8K

在人类和小鼠胰岛素的翻译后的氨酸转化为氨酸会产生一种糖尿病性新表位物

Neetu Srivastava, Anthony N Vomund, Orion J Peterson

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |November 28, 2024
    PubMed
    概括

    一种由氧化应激和炎症产生的新型胰岛素新皮特,驱动了1型糖尿病 (T1D) 的自身免疫反应. 这种修改后的胰岛素被T细胞识别,促进了患者和非肥胖糖尿病小鼠的疾病进展.

    更多相关视频

    Targeting Cysteine Thiols for in Vitro Site-specific Glycosylation of Recombinant Proteins11:25

    Targeting Cysteine Thiols for in Vitro Site-specific Glycosylation of Recombinant Proteins

    Published on: October 4, 2017

    6.6K
    Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice11:10

    Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

    Published on: November 16, 2011

    94.3K

    相关概念视频

    Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

    Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

    The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
    Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
    359
    Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

    Insulin Secretory Vesicles

    Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
    4.8K
    Protein and Protein Structure02:15

    Protein and Protein Structure

    Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
    A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme...
    78.5K
    Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

    Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

    Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
    1.1K
    Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

    Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

    The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
    Insulin and C-peptide are...
    1.1K
    Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

    Protein Modifications in the RER

    Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
    Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...
    5.0K