火灾烟雾提高了碳质PM2.5的度和死亡负担在相邻的美国和加拿大南部
Zhihao Jin1, Gonzalo A Ferrada2, Danlu Zhang3
1Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University.
Research square
|November 28, 2024
概括
野火烟雾,特别是碳状细颗粒物 (PM2.5),正在越来越多地影响空气质量和公共健康. 这种烟雾暴露与北美各地每年成千上万的死亡和严重的经济损失有关.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 大气化学 大气化学
背景情况:
- 越来越多的证据将野火烟雾中的细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 与有害健康影响联系起来.
- 与烟雾中的PM2.5成分相关的具体健康影响尚不清楚.
- 野火烟雾已成为区域空气质量的重要因素,可能会阻碍改善.
研究的目的:
- 开发和应用基于模型的框架来估计来自烟雾的碳状PM2.5度.
- 评估长期暴露于PM2.5.5烟雾的健康影响和经济损害.
- 了解烟雾暴露的空间和时间趋势及其对空气污染的贡献.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个基于化学运输模型的三级框架.
- 每日估计的烟雾衍生的有机碳 (OC) 和元素碳 (EC) PM2.5的度,分辨率为1平方公里 (2002-2019).
- 在每日和每月级别使用交叉验证验证模型框架.
主要成果:
- 该模型框架在估计每日和每月PM2.5度方面表现良好.
- 野火烟雾已经抵消了大约三分之一的空气质量改善;烟雾事件更频繁和强烈,特别是在西部CONUS和加拿大西南部.
- 估计每年有7,462 (CONUS) 和259 (SC) 的非意外死亡和大量的货币化损失,原因是长期暴露于火灾烟雾的碳质PM2.5.5.
结论:
- 野火烟雾的频率和强度增加,特别是碳质PM2.5,对公众健康和空气质量构成重大威胁.
- 东南CONUS显示出高健康影响和损害,主要是由于普遍存在的规定的火灾.
- 调查结果为政策制定提供了关键的见解,以应对未来的健康负担,特别是气候变化.
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