发酵的大豆粉改变了小肠微生物群,并增加了哺乳期霍尔斯坦牛的血清益生菌水平
Jiyou Zhang1, Feng Guan1, Shana Huang2
1Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Frontiers in veterinary science
|November 28, 2024
概括
在奶牛中补充发酵大豆粉 (FSM) 没有影响奶产,但改变了肠发酵和细菌群落. 此外,FSM还增加了血清前乳素水平,可能有助于哺乳持续.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 类动物营养 类动物营养
- 微生物组研究 微生物组研究
背景情况:
- 发酵大豆粉 (FSM) 作为奶牛料补充剂正在研究中.
- 了解FSM对牛奶产量,血液参数和乳头功能的影响对于优化奶牛健康和生产率至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究不同水平的FSM补充剂对哺乳期荷尔斯坦奶牛的牛奶产量,血液参数和小发酵的影响.
- 分析FSM对皮微生物群落组成和结构的影响.
主要方法:
- 48只荷尔斯坦牛被随机分配到四组:对照组 (没有FSM) 和三个FSM补充水平 (200,400,600克/头/天).
- 该研究涉及5周的试验,包括1周的适应和4周的治疗.
- 分析了牛奶产量,牛奶成分,血清生物化学参数,乳头发酵参数 (包括挥发性脂肪酸和NH3-N),以及乳头细菌16S rRNA基因测序.
主要成果:
- FSM补充剂没有显著影响牛奶产量或牛奶成分.
- 血清益乳素水平在FSM显著增加,观察到剂量依赖的效果.
- 通过改变NH3-N,异酸盐和异酸盐的水平,FSM改变了发酵,并显著修改了菌群体结构,减少了丰富性和均性,同时增加了特定的类 (Firmicutes,Actinobacteriota,Patescibacteria) 和属 (例如Lactococcus,Olsenella).
结论:
- 补充发酵大豆粉改变了乳母奶牛的反发酵参数和细菌群体结构.
- 补充FSM可以增加血清中益乳素水平,这表明它可能在维持乳房峰值方面发挥作用.
- 这些发现为FSM的生理和微生物影响提供了洞察力,为支持奶牛哺乳提供了潜在的战略.
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