青少年男性和女性运动员的骨龄,身体表现和运动协调之间的关系
Hilde Gundersen1, Knut Marius Navelsaker Kvammen1, Mona Vestbøstad2
1Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
Frontiers in sports and active living
|November 29, 2024
概括
生物成熟度会影响男性青年运动员的速度,力量和耐力,而女性则不会. 成熟程度对两性运动协调都没有影响. 这项研究强调了运动发展中的基于性别的差异.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人体生理学 人体生理学
- 儿科运动医学 儿科运动医学
背景情况:
- 生物学成熟度是影响青少年运动员体育表现的关键因素.
- 了解成熟度和表现之间的关系中的性别特异对于有效的青年运动员发展至关重要.
- 之前的研究还没有清楚地定义生物成熟度如何影响男性和女性青年运动员的身体表现和运动协调.
研究的目的:
- 研究男性和女性青年运动员的生物成熟度,身体表现和运动协调之间的关联.
- 为了确定生物成熟度是否影响不同类型的身体表现 (速度,力量,耐力) 和运动协调在性别之间有所不同.
- 确定生物成熟对年轻运动员体育能力影响的潜在性别特异性模式.
主要方法:
- 68名青年运动员 (26名女性) 参与了比赛,平均年龄为13.9岁.
- 生物成熟度是通过手动X射线和自动软件分析确定的骨年龄 (BA) 来评估的.
- 身体表现通过40米冲刺,站立远跳,俯卧和2000米跑步来衡量. 运动协调是使用Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) 的简称来评估的.
主要成果:
- 骨年龄与男性40米冲刺,站长跳和2000米跑步表现有显著的关联.
- 在女性运动员的骨龄和身体表现之间没有发现显著的关联.
- 生物成熟度 (骨年龄) 在男性或女性青年运动员中没有显示出与运动协调有任何显著的关联.
结论:
- 生物学成熟度与男性青年运动员的最大速度,爆炸性腿部力量和耐力表现有关.
- 生物学成熟度对身体表现指标的影响在女性青年运动员中并不明显.
- 年轻运动员的运动协调似乎独立于两性生物成熟状态,这表明其他发育因素更有影响.
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