安全饮用水:浅井的可靠性有多大?
Bruna Suellen Breternitz1, Milena Dropa2, Solange Martone-Rocha2
1School of Public Health, University of São Paulo., Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, 1° floor, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil; NARA - Center for Research into Environmental Risk Assessment, Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, 1° floor, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil.
Journal of water and health
|November 29, 2024
概括
来自农村浅井的饮用水受到了Cryptosporidium和Giardia寄生虫的污染. 牛便也显示出这些病原体,这表明对人类健康存在重大风险,需要改善水质监测.
科学领域:
- 环境微生物学环境微生物学
- 寄生虫学的寄生虫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 浅井是农村地区常见的饮用水来源.
- 克里普托斯波里和吉亚迪亚是水中传播的寄生虫,对健康构成重大风险.
- 饮用水源的人为污染是一个持续的全球性挑战.
研究的目的:
- 在农村饮用水井中调查Cryptosporidium hominis-parvum-meleagridis和Giardia duodenalis的存在.
- 分析潜在的污染源,包括附近的牛便.
- 评估这些病原体对人类健康构成的风险.
主要方法:
- 水样 (n=69) 和牛便 (n=13) 在两个阶段 (2019年9月至2020年3月,2021年10月至2022年4月) 每两周一次收集.
- 用USEPA 1623.1方法对卵囊和囊进行水样分析.
- 分子工具和直接DNA提取被用于物种识别和便中的寄生虫检测.
主要成果:
- 在这两个阶段,在饮用水井中检测到Cryptosporidium卵和Giardia囊.
- 病原体检测频率在不同阶段之间有所不同,在第一阶段有显著的存在.
- 所有水样中的大肠杆菌度均显著.
- 在牛中发现了Cryptosporidium和Giardia,这表明了潜在的污染途径.
结论:
- 用于饮用水的农村浅井被人类和牛相关寄生虫污染.
- 由于存在Cryptosporidium,Giardia和大肠杆菌,这表明对公众健康存在重大风险.
- 紧急实施预防措施和强有力的水质监测对于确保安全饮用水至关重要.
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