美国医疗保健工作者的死亡风险
Mark Olfson1, Candace M Cosgrove2, Melanie M Wall1
1Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
American journal of preventive medicine
|November 29, 2024
概括
高等教育解释了与其他人相比,医疗保健工作者的寿命更长. 然而,医疗保健角色对心血管疾病和肺癌死亡风险较低,但对外部原因的风险更高.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
背景情况:
- 医疗保健工作人员的死亡率低于一般人群.
- 解释包括专业医疗知识,医疗保健准入和高等教育水平.
- 本研究探讨了教育在医疗保健工作者死亡率和因果特异性风险方面的作用.
研究的目的:
- 确定教育水平在多大程度上解释了美国医疗保健工作者较低的全因死亡率.
- 为了比较医疗保健和非医疗保健工作者之间的特定原因死亡风险.
主要方法:
- 利用了2008年美国社区调查 (3.31万个人) 的全国代表性样本.
- 在2019年之前,追踪了医疗保健 (176,000) 和非医疗保健 (1.6600万) 工作人员的死亡率.
- 采用Cox模型来估计所有原因和特定原因死亡率的危险比率.
主要成果:
- 医疗保健工作人员的年龄和性别标准化全因死亡率 (370.7/100,000) 比非医疗保健工作者 (442.2/100,000) 低.
- 在调整为教育水平 (aHR=1.00) 后,所有原因死亡率的差异消失了.
- 医疗保健工作者心血管疾病 (aHR=0.94) 和肺癌 (aHR=0.89) 的死亡风险较低,但胰腺癌 (aHR=1.21) 和外部原因 (aHR=1.20) 的死亡风险较高.
结论:
- 更高的教育程度是美国医疗保健工作者寿命延长的主要因素.
- 虽然教育解释了整体死亡率差异,但医疗保健就业与心血管疾病和肺癌死亡风险降低有关.
- 相反,医疗保健工作与因外部原因死亡的风险增加有关.
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