在黄色花 (Mimulus guttatus) 中测试反转多态的进化理论
Paris Veltsos1,2, Luis J Madrigal-Roca1, John K Kelly3
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Nature communications
|November 29, 2024
概括
染色体逆转通过捕获同适应的等位基因,而不是仅仅在断点上,有助于遗传变异. 这项关于Mimulus guttatus的研究揭示了逆转如何塑造自然种群的进化.
科学领域:
- 进化遗传学的进化遗传学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 众所周知,染色体逆转会影响各种自然现象.
- 它们对基因变异的确切贡献仍然是一个悬而未决的问题.
- 了解反转动力学是理解进化过程的关键.
研究的目的:
- 评估64个分离染色体逆转对Mimulus guttatus遗传变异的贡献.
- 调查反转断点与同适应基因对健康效应的作用.
- 为了测试关于反转多态的进化预测.
主要方法:
- 在Mimulus guttatus的64个反转中分析核酸多样性模式.
- 检查相对于反转断点的序列分歧模式.
- 评估基因表达的基因变异与反转方向和断点相关的基因变异.
主要成果:
- 核酸多样性模式支持与逆转起源,选择和基因流动相关的预测.
- 序列分歧有特异性的变化,不支持在断点的选择.
- 基因表达变异在取向之间被分割,而不是集中在断点附近.
- 有证据表明,同适应的等位基因捕获比适应性的断点更为重要.
结论:
- 这项研究证实了对反转多态的几个进化预测.
- 同适应的等位基因捕获在反转的适应性后果中起着至关重要的作用.
- 在多个位置上合成数据对于清晰地理解反转影响至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:20Monohybrid Crosses
229.2K
Overview
229.2K
02:37Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.0K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.0K
02:32Position-effect Variegation
6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K
01:43Incomplete Dominance
21.6K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
21.6K
02:13Overview of Transposition and Recombination
15.2K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.2K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
21.9K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
21.9K