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在技术援助项目期间结核病的流行病学趋势,赞比亚,2015-2018年
M Ota1,2, V Mfungwe2, C Masitano2
1Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Tokyo, Japan.
在赞比亚卫生机构引入GeneXpert设备,导致细菌学上阳性结核病例的减少. 然而,这种进步可能与治疗成功率的下降相吻合.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 在许多地区仍然是一个重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 监测流行病学趋势和治疗结果对于有效控制结核病至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 以2014年为基准,分析2015年至2018年在赞比亚Chongwe区的结核病流行病学趋势.
- 评估GeneXpert设备引入对结核病诊断和治疗结果的影响.
主要方法:
- 在重区的三个卫生机构进行了观察性研究:重健康中心 (CHC),重地区医院 (CDH) 和恩格韦雷健康中心 (NHC).
- 在2014-2018年期间,收集和分析了注册结核病例,假定结核病例,细菌学上阳性结核病例和治疗成功率的数据.
主要成果:
- 在2014年至2018年期间,假定结核病患者的数量在CHC和CDH显著增加.
- 在假定结核病例中,细菌学上阳性结核病的比例从2014年的10%以上下降到2018年底在CHC和CDH下降到不到5%.
- 与2014年相比,2017年CHC和CDH的治疗成功率下降,这是由于2016年和2017年安装了GeneXpert设备.
结论:
- 在CHC和CDH实施GeneXpert技术与假定病例中细菌学上阳性结核病的比例显著降低有关,这可能是由于查增加.
- 在GeneXpert引入后观察到治疗成功率的下降,需要进一步调查以了解导致的因素.
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