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2024年5月10日至11日发生的超强烈地磁风暴:可能的机制和影响
S Tulasi Ram1, B Veenadhari1, A P Dimri1
1Indian Institute of Geomagnetism Mumbai India.
概括
2024年5月10日至11日的地磁风暴是有史以来第二大记录,严重压缩了地球的磁层. 一种独特的太阳风组合引起了强烈的环流和电离层干扰,影响了GPS和无线电通信.
科学领域:
- 空间物理 空间物理
- 地质物理学 地质物理学
- 太阳地球物理 太阳地球物理
背景情况:
- 2024年5月10日至11日的地磁风暴是太空时代最强烈的风暴之一,Sym-H达到了 -500 nT以下.
- 这一事件对整个地球空间产生了重大影响,因为太阳风能通过辐射和质量合转移了能量.
研究的目的:
- 分析2024年5月10日至11日发生的极端地磁风暴的原因和影响.
- 研究磁断层和弓冲击的压缩及其对地球环境的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析太阳风数据,包括太阳风动力压力 (SWDP) 和行星间电场 (IEF).
- 利用磁动力学 (MHD) 模型来模拟磁断位置.
- 检查了电离层的总电子含量 (TEC) 和无线电停电数据.
主要成果:
- 由于高SWDP (≥15 nPa),白天磁断被压缩在地球静止轨道以下大约6小时.
- 弓冲击也被推到地球静止轨道以下几分钟.
- 在持续409分钟的超密集星际冠状质量喷射 (ICME) 中,高SWDP和强烈的东向IEF (≥2.5mV/m) 的组合被确定为强烈风暴的关键因素.
- 观测到一个阳性电离层风暴,日间TEC增加了100%以上,影响了GPS.
- 由于之前的太阳耀斑导致D和E区域的电离,发生了高频无线电停电.
结论:
- 2024年5月10日至11日ICME期间独特的太阳风条件是极端地磁风暴的原因.
- 该研究强调了卫星导航和无线电通信系统对严重太空天气事件的脆弱性.
- 了解这些事件对于太空天气预报和减缓策略至关重要.
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