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相关概念视频

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Law of Independent Assortment02:03

Law of Independent Assortment

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While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
55.1K
Variance01:15

Variance

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 The deviations show how spread out the data are about the mean. A positive deviation occurs when the data value exceeds the mean, whereas a negative deviation occurs when the data value is less than the mean. If the deviations are added, the sum is always zero. So one cannot simply add the deviations to get the data spread. By squaring the deviations, the numbers are made positive; thus, their sum will also be positive.
The standard deviation measures the spread in the same units as the...
9.3K
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
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Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

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在基因组选择程序中使用孟德尔样本取样变异来做选择决策时的实际考虑

Tobias A M Niehoff1, Jan Ten Napel1, Mario P L Calus1

  • 1Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie
|December 2, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

畜牧养殖的新选择标准考虑了未来的遗传变异,保持了更多的遗传多样性,而不牺牲商业收益. 这些方法在养猪模拟中提供了与传统的基因组估计育种值 (GEBV) 相同或更好的性能.

关键词:
门德尔的采样变异.育种计划 育种计划 育种计划遗传变异是一种遗传变异.后代的变异是后代的变异.选择决策的选择决定.实用性标准 实用性的标准.

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
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Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

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科学领域:

  • 动物育种与遗传学
  • 量化遗传学 量化遗传学
  • 基因组选择 基因组选择

背景情况:

  • 传统的畜牧养殖计划通常依赖于估计的繁殖值 (EBV) 或基因组估计的繁殖值 (GEBV),这可能无法完全解释长期的遗传多样性.
  • 在大型畜牧养殖中,以前的选择标准没有明确考虑未来几代人的遗传差异,尤其是估计的标记效应.

研究的目的:

  • 评估应用新的选择标准,将未来几代人的遗传变异纳入大型畜牧养殖计划中的应用.
  • 在模拟的养猪计划中,将考虑差异的标准与使用基因组估计育种值 (GEBV) 的传统选择方法的有效性进行比较.

主要方法:

  • 模拟了一种通用纯种猪育种计划,每年选择40只雄猪和400只母猪,以获得每天的收益.
  • 将三个考虑差异的选择标准与各种参考人口大小和预测准确度的标准GEBV选择进行了比较.
  • 该研究分析了规划时间和参考人口大小对考虑差异的标准有效性的影响.

主要成果:

  • 与仅基于GEBV的选择相比,所有考虑变异的标准都成功保留了更多的遗传变异 (高达20%以上).
  • 最有效的标准,考虑到在最长的未来视界与最大的参考种群的变异,导致20代后野猪的基因水平提高2%.
  • 虽然效益随着准确性降低或规划时间缩短而减少,但考虑差异的标准始终表现得和GEBV选择一样好或比GEBV选择更好,而不会对商业遗传收益产生负面副作用.

结论:

  • 考虑未来遗传变异的选择标准,在畜牧养殖计划中保持更大的遗传多样性.
  • 这些考虑变异的标准为传统的GEBV选择提供了可行的替代方案,提供了可比或改进的遗传收益和增强的遗传变异保留.
  • 拟议的标准适用于任何具有可用的分阶段基因型,估计的标记效应和遗传图的基因组育种计划.