在基因组选择程序中使用孟德尔样本取样变异来做选择决策时的实际考虑
Tobias A M Niehoff1, Jan Ten Napel1, Mario P L Calus1
1Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
概括
畜牧养殖的新选择标准考虑了未来的遗传变异,保持了更多的遗传多样性,而不牺牲商业收益. 这些方法在养猪模拟中提供了与传统的基因组估计育种值 (GEBV) 相同或更好的性能.
科学领域:
- 动物育种与遗传学
- 量化遗传学 量化遗传学
- 基因组选择 基因组选择
背景情况:
- 传统的畜牧养殖计划通常依赖于估计的繁殖值 (EBV) 或基因组估计的繁殖值 (GEBV),这可能无法完全解释长期的遗传多样性.
- 在大型畜牧养殖中,以前的选择标准没有明确考虑未来几代人的遗传差异,尤其是估计的标记效应.
研究的目的:
- 评估应用新的选择标准,将未来几代人的遗传变异纳入大型畜牧养殖计划中的应用.
- 在模拟的养猪计划中,将考虑差异的标准与使用基因组估计育种值 (GEBV) 的传统选择方法的有效性进行比较.
主要方法:
- 模拟了一种通用纯种猪育种计划,每年选择40只雄猪和400只母猪,以获得每天的收益.
- 将三个考虑差异的选择标准与各种参考人口大小和预测准确度的标准GEBV选择进行了比较.
- 该研究分析了规划时间和参考人口大小对考虑差异的标准有效性的影响.
主要成果:
- 与仅基于GEBV的选择相比,所有考虑变异的标准都成功保留了更多的遗传变异 (高达20%以上).
- 最有效的标准,考虑到在最长的未来视界与最大的参考种群的变异,导致20代后野猪的基因水平提高2%.
- 虽然效益随着准确性降低或规划时间缩短而减少,但考虑差异的标准始终表现得和GEBV选择一样好或比GEBV选择更好,而不会对商业遗传收益产生负面副作用.
结论:
- 考虑未来遗传变异的选择标准,在畜牧养殖计划中保持更大的遗传多样性.
- 这些考虑变异的标准为传统的GEBV选择提供了可行的替代方案,提供了可比或改进的遗传收益和增强的遗传变异保留.
- 拟议的标准适用于任何具有可用的分阶段基因型,估计的标记效应和遗传图的基因组育种计划.
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