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相关概念视频

Radical Formation: Abstraction00:47

Radical Formation: Abstraction

3.5K
The electron of an atom can be abstracted from a compound by a relatively unstable radical to generate a new radical of relatively greater stability. For example, an initiator which forms radicals by homolysis can abstract a suitable species like a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom from a compound to generate a new radical. This ability of radicals to propagate by abstraction is a crucial feature of radical chain reactions.
Even though homolysis produces radicals, it is different from radical...
3.5K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.5K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.5K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.0K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.0K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

7.7K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
7.7K
Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals01:02

Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals

1.8K
Radicals adjacent to electron‐withdrawing groups are called electrophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with nucleophilic alkenes. For example, the malonate radical, in which the radical center is flanked by two electron‐withdrawing groups, reacts readily with butyl vinyl ether, which consists of an electron‐donating oxygen substituent. The reaction between electrophilic malonate radical and nucleophilic vinyl ether is favored because the radical has a...
1.8K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.4K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

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交替和脉冲电流电解用于原子转移激进聚合.

Francesco De Bon1, Alexandre Vaz Simões1, Armenio C Serra1

  • 1Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.

ChemPlusChem
|December 2, 2024
PubMed
概括

交流电流 (AC) 和脉冲电解通过原子转移激进聚合 (ATRP) 增强了聚合物合成. 这些电化学方法提高了反应选择性和效率,为先进材料开发提供了新的途径.

关键词:
交替电流可以变化.原子转移激进聚合方式铜铜 铜铜 铜铜电化学 电化学 电化学

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Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes
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科学领域:

  • 电化学 电化学 电化学
  • 聚合物科学 聚合物科学
  • 有机合成 有机合成

背景情况:

  • 原子转移基聚合 (ATRP) 是一种受控聚合技术.
  • 电化学方法可以精确控制氧化还原反应.
  • 交流电流 (AC) 和脉冲电解为电有机合成提供了新的方法.

研究的目的:

  • 为了探索AC和脉冲电解在ATRP中用于聚合物合成的应用.
  • 调查交流电解如何提高选择性和试剂转化.
  • 讨论这些电化学技术在聚合物化学中的挑战和未来前景.

主要方法:

  • 使用交流电流 (AC) 电解,在还原和氧化之间振荡.
  • 使用脉冲电解来维持ATRP内的电化学反应.
  • 分析这些方法对反应选择性,副作用和产品产量的影响.

主要成果:

  • 交流电解证明了针对特定反应路径的可调节选择性.
  • 电流和脉冲电解都可以改善ATRP中的产品选择性和试剂转化.
  • 电化学控制为高效的聚合物合成提供了一个有希望的替代方案.

结论:

  • 电流和脉冲电解是推动ATRP的有效策略.
  • 这些电化学技术可以更好地控制聚合过程.
  • 预计未来的发展将在新型聚合物应用的电有机合成方面取得进展.