产前社会劣势与出生时功能网络的改变有关
Ashley N Nielsen1, Regina L Triplett1, Lourdes M Bernardez1
1Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
概括
产前社会不利影响新生儿大脑发育,从出生开始改变功能性大脑网络. 功能连接 (FC) 的这些早期变化与社会逆境有关,影响涉及注意力和运动控制的关键大脑系统.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 儿童时期的社会劣势是精神疾病和不良生活结果的重要风险因素.
- 产前暴露于社会劣势可能会通过胎盘因素影响胎儿大脑发育.
- 了解早期的大脑变化对于确定发育轨迹至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究产前社会劣势与新生儿功能性脑网络之间的关联.
- 为了确定出生时的功能连接 (FC) 是否因子宫内的社会逆境而改变.
- 为了确定受产前社会劣势影响的特定大脑网络.
主要方法:
- 在怀孕期间招募母亲参加早期生命逆境和生物嵌入研究.
- 在三个月内评估产前社会劣势.
- 休息状态功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 在健康的,满期新生儿 (n=261) 使用多变量机器学习.
主要成果:
- 新生儿功能连接 (FC) 与产前社会劣势 (R=0.43,R2=0.18) 有显著差异,在独立样本中得到验证.
- 观察到整个大脑的FC变化,特别是在关联网络 (前额头,腹部/背部注意力) 和体运动网络.
- 杏仁体FC在出生时被改变,在其他皮下结构中也有类似的模式.
结论:
- 产前社会劣势与出生时功能性大脑网络的可测量变化有关.
- 功能网络中的这些早期分歧可能会导致精神病和发育障碍的后期风险轨迹.
- 这些发现强调了产前环境对早期神经发育的关键影响.
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