近视的临床和解剖特征 近视的临床和解剖特征
Jost B Jonas1, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas2, Li Dong3
1Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Institut Français de Myopie, Paris, France; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore; Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr. Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|December 2, 2024
概括
近视性黄斑病 (MMP) 阶段涉及布鲁赫的膜缺陷和子皮膜增殖,早期迹象如 fundus tessellation 影响视力. 高近视会增加视神经病变和开放角光眼的风险.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 视网膜疾病 视网膜疾病
- 近视研究 近视研究
背景情况:
- 近视是一种复杂的折射误差,具有显著的解剖学和临床影响.
- 了解近视性黄斑病变 (MMP) 的阶段和相关病理对于患者的管理至关重要.
- 近视的轴延长导致眼睛后部部分的各种结构变化.
研究的目的:
- 综述和总结近视的临床和解剖学方面.
- 详细介绍近视性黄斑病 (MMP) 阶段的进展和特征.
- 为了区分近视和眼性帕拉皮拉尔贝塔区域,并评估相关的病理.
主要方法:
- 对近视近视最近的临床和解剖学研究的综述.
- 分析黄斑缩阶段 (MMP-阶段3和4) 和相关的布鲁赫膜 (BM) 缺陷和亚皮细胞增殖.
- fundus tessellation (MMP第一阶段) 与视力敏度的相关性,并将leptochoroid识别为一个风险因素.
- 根据特定的结构特征区分近视和玻璃眼类近视和玻璃眼类玻璃眼类Beta区域.
- 评估非玻璃眼光神经病变的患病率及其与轴长度的关系.
- 对高近视老年人中MMP患病率的检查.
- 分析近视严重程度与其他眼部疾病患病率之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 近视性黄斑病 (MMP) 阶段4涉及黄斑缩与中央BM缺陷和子皮细胞增殖.
- MMP第3阶段的斑点性缩可以根据BM缺陷/亚视网膜增殖的存在或不存在进行分类,这些缺陷/亚视网膜增殖与MMP有很强的关联 (OR:78.3).
- 底部形 (MMP-阶段1) 与视力敏度降低相关,表明早期的病理变化.
- 迷眼的巴巴皮拉利贝塔区域具有独特的特征 (例如,正常的BM厚度),使其与玻璃眼类型 (例如,加厚的BM) 不同.
- 视网膜层延伸到 parapapillary 区域.
- 非光眼眼神经病发病率与高近视的轴长度非线性增加,是视力丧失的主要原因.
- 在85岁以上的个体中,MMP第3或第4阶段影响了大约75%的高度近视眼.
- 近视与糖尿病视网膜病变,与年龄相关的黄斑变性和闭角玻璃眼的患病率较低有关.
- 较高的近视,比中度近视更高,与开放角光眼的患病率和发病率增加有关.
结论:
- 近视性黄斑病变通过具有明显解剖特征的阶段进展,包括布鲁赫的膜缺陷和子皮膜增殖.
- 近视变化的早期迹象,如 fundus tessellation,可以影响视力敏度.
- 准确区分近视和玻璃眼类 parapapillary 变化对于诊断至关重要.
- 高近视是非眼球眼睛光学神经病变和开角眼睛眼睛眼睛的重要危险因素,需要仔细监测.
- 近视与其他眼部疾病有着复杂的关系,可能会对一些眼部疾病产生保护作用,同时增加其他眼部疾病的风险.
关键词:
轴的延伸是指轴的延伸.轴近视是一种近视.布鲁奇的膜是什么意思圆顶形状的斑点是圆顶形状的.玻璃眼类 parapapillary 贝塔区 玻璃眼类高近视是指高近视的情况.斑点脊的斑点脊是什么意思与近视相关的视觉神经病变近视性黄斑病变 (Myopic maculopathy) 是一种近视性黄斑病变.短视的 parapapillary 贝塔区域是近视的非光眼性视觉神经病变非光眼性视觉神经病变帕拉巴皮勒斯克勒尔脊脊 (Parapapapillary scleral ridge) 是一个位于脑脊上的一种脊柱.病理性近视症 (Pathologic myopia) 是一种近视症.视网膜色素上皮质是视网膜色素上皮质.
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