通过长期阅读测序推断的小鼠新突变的速率和频谱
Eugenio López-Cortegano1, Jobran Chebib2, Anika Jonas3
1Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom; elcortegano@protonmail.com.
Genome research
|December 2, 2024
概括
新突变驱动了基因变异. 这项研究量化了小鼠的突变率,每代发现约45个新突变,插入/删除和单核酸突变是最常见的,受重复DNA的影响.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 哺乳动物遗传学 哺乳动物遗传学
背景情况:
- 基因变异来自于新的突变,需要了解它们的速率和机制.
- 突变积累 (MA) 实验是研究在受控环境中自发突变率的关键.
研究的目的:
- 用长读序列测序研究小鼠中新突变的频谱和速率.
- 探索重复的DNA元素与突变率之间的关系.
- 描述哺乳动物基因组中活跃的可转移元素和基因逆位的景观.
主要方法:
- 利用长读测序 (太平洋生物科学) 对来自突变积累实验 (8-15代) 的12个内生小鼠系进行了长读测序.
- 从创始人基因组构建的染色体级基因组组件.
- 采用基于读取和基于组装的方法来识别单核酸突变 (SNMs),插入/删除 (indels) 和结构突变 (SMs).
主要成果:
- 平均每一代每一个单体基因组观察到约45个突变.
- 突变包括54%的indels (<50bp),44%的SNMs和2%的SMs.
- DNA重复性与SNM和indel率有积极的相关性;重复序列解释了大量的SMs.
- 微卫星的不稳定性占了90%的indels,偏向于4bp的indels.
- 串联重复突变和可移植元素 (TE) 插入是最常见的SMs.
- 识别了具有菌株特异性谱和高基因回置率的活性TEs.
结论:
- 重复的元素显著影响突变速率和类型,在塑造哺乳动物基因组进化方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 该研究提供了全面的新突变谱,突出了哺乳动物基因组的动态性质.
- 对活跃的可转移元素和基因逆位的洞察力为我们提供了对基因组多样性生成的更深入的理解.
相关概念视频
Mouse Models of Cancer Study
5.5K
Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
5.5K
Mismatch Repair
4.8K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
4.8K


