婴儿对帮助模仿者的期望
1Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
概括
婴儿期望模仿者对他们模仿的人有帮助. 这种对帮助的期望是特定于模仿者和目标个体之间的关系.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会认知是指社会认知.
- 婴儿行为婴儿行为
背景情况:
- 人类婴儿根据观察到的行为对他人形成社会推断.
- 模仿是一种基本的社会行为,对社会认知有潜在的影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查婴儿是否从模仿中推断出帮助.
- 要确定婴儿的推断是处置性的还是关系性的.
主要方法:
- 在8-9个月大的婴儿身上进行了三项实验.
- 婴儿观察到那些模仿或不模仿目标社交伙伴的个体.
- 婴儿的寻找时间是当模仿者和非模仿者有机会帮助目标时被测量的.
主要成果:
- 当一个非模仿者帮助一个熟悉的目标时,婴儿看起来更长时间,而不是当一个模仿者帮助时.
- 当帮助面向新的社会合作伙伴时,没有观察到寻找时间的差异.
- 结果表明,模仿标志着亲社会或附属性倾向.
结论:
- 婴儿期望模仿者有所帮助,支持模仿的亲社会假设.
- 这种对帮助的期望与通过模仿建立的关系密切相关.
- 婴儿对模仿者的社会推断是取决于背景和关系的.
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