与喷雾相关的水源性疾病爆发 - 美国,1997-2022年
概括
喷雾与60多起水源性疾病的爆发有关,主要来自Cryptosporidium. 公共卫生指导可以帮助防止未来的疫情爆发,保护儿童的健康.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 环境健康 环境健康
背景情况:
- 喷水是为幼儿设计的娱乐水上游乐场.
- 虽然旨在最大限度地降低溺水风险,但喷雾可能是水传播疾病爆发的来源.
- 首次报告的与喷雾相关的疫情发生在1997年.
研究的目的:
- 为了描述与美国喷雾相关的水源性疾病爆发.
- 确定导致这些疫情的病原体及其相关的健康影响.
- 为了告知预防策略的喷雾相关的疾病.
主要方法:
- 对自愿向疾病预防控制中心的水传播疾病和疫情监测系统 (WBDOSS) 和其继任者国家疫情报告系统 (NORS) 报告的水传播疾病疫情的分析.
- 数据收集涵盖了1997年至2022年的时间段.
- 特定与喷雾相关的疫情被确定并分析了病例数,住院和致病剂.
主要成果:
- 从1997年到2022年,在23个州和波多黎各报告了60起疫情,导致10,611例病例,152例住院病例和99例急诊室访问.
- 在40起疫情中 (67%) 确诊了Cryptosporidium,造成了91%的病例和81%的住院病例.
- 诺罗病毒在两次疫情中被怀疑,导致73%的急诊室访问.
结论:
- 由于其对的耐受性,Cryptosporidium是与喷雾相关的水源性疾病爆发的主要原因.
- 有效的公共卫生干预措施,包括遵守CDC的水生动物健康准则,对于预防疾病至关重要.
- 公共卫生官员和水产部门之间的合作对于改善喷台的安全性和运行至关重要.
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