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相关概念视频

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
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Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
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在胚胎转脂肪过程中细胞的重编程:克服重编程障碍

Alejandro Berrio1, Esther Miranda1, Abdull J Massri1

  • 1Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|December 4, 2024
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概括

海胚胎可以通过转脂来取代缺失的细胞,这一过程涉及连续的细胞命运过渡. 如果负信号先于正信号,重编程就失败了,影响着色素细胞的再生.

关键词:
德尔塔-诺奇 (Delta-Notch) 是一个多角形的标记.基因监管网络 基因监管网络再生再生再生的过程重编程 重编程 是一种重编程.海是海的一种.这就是scRNA-seqq.

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科学领域:

  • 发育生物学是发展生物学.
  • 细胞重新编程的细胞重编程.
  • 胚胎发生的分子机制.

背景情况:

  • 监管发展允许胚胎取代缺失的细胞,但其分子基础仍然不清楚.
  • 海的微粒去除破坏了中皮的形成,并触发了内皮细胞命运的变化 (转脂肪).
  • 颜料细胞在去除微分子后无法再生,与其他中皮细胞不同.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明调节性发育和细胞命运可塑性的基础分子机制.
  • 为了研究在海胚胎中转脂过程中的序列基因调节状态转换.
  • 确定颜色细胞成功再生所需的条件.

主要方法:

  • 在16细胞阶段去除海刺微分子.
  • 单细胞RNA测序以跟踪细胞命运随时间变化.
  • 操纵信号通路 (三角形和节点) 来评估色素细胞的救援.

主要成果:

  • 单细胞RNA测序揭示了内皮细胞通过内皮和中皮状态的逐步进展.
  • 骨细胞和叶囊细胞的命运成功地被重新编程,但色素细胞的命运没有.
  • 颜料细胞的再生被定时信号表达所拯救:在Nodal恢复颜料细胞之前的Delta表达.

结论:

  • 转脂涉及一系列基因调节状态转换,使细胞命运重编程成为可能.
  • 信号通路激活的时间对于成功的细胞命运重编程至关重要.
  • 颜色细胞再生的失败与重编程期间内源性负和正信号的序列有关.