青少年大脑成熟与环境因素相关:一个多变量分析
Bhaskar Ray1,2, Dawn Jensen1,3, Pranav Suresh1,2
1Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Frontiers in neuroimaging
|December 4, 2024
概括
空气污染和犯罪等环境因素会影响青少年的大脑发育. 年轻人的加速大脑衰老与更好的认知功能和特定的环境暴露有关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 青春期是大脑发育的关键时期,使其易受环境因素的影响.
- 大脑年龄估计提供了一种评估个体大脑成熟轨迹的方法.
- 以前的研究表明,环境暴露会影响神经发育.
研究的目的:
- 研究环境因素与青少年大脑成熟之间的关系.
- 为了确定特定的大脑指标和与加速或延迟大脑衰老相关的环境暴露.
- 探索这些关联如何在具有不同认知表现的群体之间有所不同.
主要方法:
- 利用了青少年大脑和认知发展 (ABCD) 队列 (N=7,435,年龄9-10岁) 的数据.
- 使用大脑年龄估计来将参与者分为加速和延迟大脑成熟的组.
- 进行了四向多组法定相关性分析,将大脑指标 (灰质密度,形态,功能连接) 与环境因素 (空气污染,犯罪,人口密度) 整合起来.
主要成果:
- 在神经特征和环境因素之间发现了显著的相关性,包括空气污染,区域犯罪和人口密度.
- 在大脑模式之间观察到强烈的相关性 (0.65-0.77),将特定的灰质减少,体积变化,皮质厚度增加和功能连接模式联系起来.
- 这些大脑变异在加速大脑衰老组中更为明显,并且与较高的空气污染,区域犯罪和人口密度有关.
结论:
- 空气污染,犯罪和人口密度等环境因素与青少年大脑成熟模式有很大关系.
- 青少年的加速大脑衰老,与增强的认知表现相关,与这些环境暴露有明显的关联.
- 研究结果强调了青春期环境和神经发育之间的复杂相互作用,这对公共卫生和有针对性的干预措施有影响.
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