向上和向下:反事实上的接近性是强大的比较方向
Tiffany Doan1, Stephanie Denison1, Ori Friedman1
1Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Cognition & emotion
|December 4, 2024
概括
人们评估了替代结果的接近程度,不管它们是否更好或更糟. 这项研究发现,比较的方向 (向上与向下) 并没有显著影响对反事实接近的判断.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 决策 决策 决策 决策
背景情况:
- 个人经常从事反事实思维,思考事件如何可以有不同的结果.
- 这些比较,无论是向上 (更好的结果) 还是向下 (更糟糕的结果),都可能导致不同的情绪反应.
- 了解影响反事实接近判断的因素对于理解决策和情绪调节至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查反事实比较的方向 (向上或向下) 是否影响对反事实接近的判断.
- 探索反事实接近的不同方面,如"几乎发生了"和"很容易发生了",是如何受到比较方向的影响.
- 检查反事实比较方向对情绪反应预测的影响.
主要方法:
- 四个预先注册的实验涉及2,142名参与者.
- 参与者评估了描绘代理人赢得或输掉基于运气的游戏的图片.
- 收集了对反事实接近的判断和对代理人的情绪 (悲伤,快乐,惊喜) 的预测.
主要成果:
- 反事实接近的判断,通过"几乎发生了"和"很容易发生了"来评估,并没有受到比较方向的实质性影响.
- 对情绪反应 (悲伤,快乐,惊喜) 的预测也显示出类似的模式,无论代理人输了还是赢了.
- 当反事实结果具有较高的先前概率时,参与者预测了更强烈的情绪反应,当代理人失败时,这种影响略显.
结论:
- "几乎"和"很容易"判断之间的区别反映了反事实接近的不同维度.
- 这种区分看起来很强大,并没有受到反事实推理方向 (向上与向下比较) 的显著影响.
- 这些发现有助于理解反事实思维的细微差别及其对主观判断和情感预测的影响.
关键词:
反事实 (Counterfactuals) 是指反事实 (Counterfactuals) 是指反事实 (Counterfactuals) 是指反事实 (Counterfactuals) 是指反事实.认知 认知 认知情绪 情绪 情绪 情绪 情绪审判的判断判断的判断.可能性概率概率概率.更多相关视频
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