完整的基因组景观揭示了亚洲水牛 (Bubalus bubalis) 隐藏的进化历史和选择特征
Jingfang Si1, Dongmei Dai1, Neena Amatya Gorkhali2
1State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|December 4, 2024
概括
对亚洲水牛 (Bubalus bubalis) 的基因组分析揭示了化和生产力的遗传驱动因素. 人工选择形成了独特的河流和沼泽水牛血统,影响了形态和特征,如牛奶生产.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 进行比较基因组学.
背景情况:
- 亚洲水牛 (Bubalus bubalis) 是重要的牲畜,但它们的化和河流和沼泽类型之间的生产力差异的遗传基础仍然不完全理解.
- 了解这些遗传基础对于改善水牛品种和农业实践至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定亚洲水牛化和生产力差异的基因决定因素.
- 研究进化过程,包括人工选择,这些过程塑造了河水水牛和沼泽水牛之间的遗传多样性和表型差异.
主要方法:
- 从养的河水和沼泽水牛,与他们的野生祖先 (Bubalus arnee) 一起测序和整合470个基因组.
- 对基因组多样性模式,选择性扫描 (软硬) 和单细胞RNA测序数据的分析.
- 对比基因组分析以识别差异性选择下的基因.
主要成果:
- 沼泽水牛保留了祖先的形态,而河水牛表现出独特的形态,尽管基因组与野生类型聚集在一起.
- 意大利河水水牛和印度尼西亚沼泽水牛在相反的分布范围极端下降了基因组多样性.
- 快速进化的基因 (例如,GKAP1) 与繁殖有关,而生产牛奶 (例如,CSN2) 和外套颜色 (例如,MC1R) 的基因在乳牛河水牛中显示出强烈的选择.
- 发光细胞被确定为对牛奶生产人工选择做出反应的关键细胞类型.
结论:
- 人工选择一直是亚洲水牛进化分歧和遗传差异的主要驱动因素.
- 选择针对了特定的基因和细胞类型,导致了形态学和生产力的明显适应.
- 这项研究提供了对水牛化和品种发展的遗传架构的见解.
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