在EHR中增强自杀行为检测:一个多标签的NLP框架,具有变压器模型和基于语义检索的注释
Kimia Zandbiglari1, Shobhan Kumar1, Muhammad Bilal1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Journal of biomedical informatics
|December 4, 2024
概括
这项研究引入了一种新的自然语言处理 (NLP) 框架,用于识别电子健康记录 (EHR) 中的自杀行为. 先进的变压器模型和多标签系统提高了检测复杂的自杀行为的准确性.
科学领域:
- 计算语言学计算语言学
- 临床信息学是一种临床信息学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 自杀是全球重要的健康问题,需要及早识别有风险的个体.
- 现有的自然语言处理 (NLP) 方法用于电子健康记录 (EHR) 中的自杀风险评估,在捕捉自杀行为全方位方面存在局限性.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种新的NLP方法,用于在EHR中细粒度,多标签的自杀行为分类.
- 创建一个多类标记数据集,包括全面的注释指南,以提高NLP准确性和注释效率.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个多类标签系统,分类六种类型的自杀行为,具有多个标签的能力.
- 使用基于MPNet的语义检索框架来提取相关的EHR句子,然后进行专家注释.
- 基于变压器的模型在精心策划的数据集上进行了微调,用于对自杀行为进行多标签分类.
主要成果:
- 词汇分析确定了自杀风险评估中的关键主题,包括个人历史,心理健康和物质使用.
- 精心调整的模型,特别是Bio_ClinicalBERT,BioBERT和XLNet,在识别自杀行为方面取得了F1得分0.81.
- 多标签分类系统有效地捕捉了自杀行为的复杂性,超过了传统的二进制分类.
结论:
- 建立了一个强大的NLP框架,用于使用微调的变压器模型和半自动管道检测EHR中的自杀行为.
- 这项研究强调了先进的NLP在改善自杀行为识别方面的潜力.
- 未来的研究应该专注于扩展和整合这些模型,以加强患者护理和临床决策.
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