巧克力摄入量和2型糖尿病的风险:前性队列研究
Binkai Liu1, Geng Zong2,3, Lu Zhu1
1Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
概括
享受黑巧克力可能会降低2型糖尿病 (T2D) 的风险,而牛奶巧克力与体重增加有关. 这项研究探讨了美国大型队列中的巧克力消费和T2D.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 预防慢性疾病 预防慢性疾病
- 饮食风险因素 饮食风险因素
背景情况:
- 2型糖尿病 (T2D) 是一个主要的全球健康问题.
- 饮食因素在T2D发展中起着重要作用.
- 不同类巧克力对T2D风险的影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查黑巧克力,牛奶巧克力和全巧克力消费与患2型糖尿病的风险之间的联系.
- 分析剂量反应关系和潜在的混因素.
主要方法:
- 包括护士健康研究 (NHS),NHSII和卫生专业人员随访研究 (HPFS) 在内的前性队列研究.
- 参与者数量很大 (在基线时超过192,000人),没有先前的T2D,心血管疾病或癌症.
- 考克斯的比例危险回归模型用于评估基于自我报告的巧克力摄入量的T2D风险.
主要成果:
- 较高的总巧克力消费量 (≥5份/周) 与10%较低的T2D率有关.
- 具体来说,每周摄入≥5份黑巧克力显著降低了21%的T2D风险.
- 对于黑巧克力,观察到线性剂量反应关系,每周每份可降低3%的风险;牛奶巧克力与T2D风险没有显著关联,但与体重增加有关.
结论:
- 增加黑巧克力摄入量与2型糖尿病风险降低有关.
- 牛奶巧克力消费与体重增加有关,而不是降低T2D风险.
- 需要进一步的研究,包括随机对照试验,以证实这些发现并阐明潜在的机制.
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