通过使用电子健康记录上的自然语言处理来自动推导肺癌诊断标准:试点研究
Andrew Houston1,2, Sophie Williams3,4, William Ricketts5
1Barts Life Sciences, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK. andrew.houston4@nhs.net.
BMC medical informatics and decision making
|December 5, 2024
概括
这项研究使用自然语言处理从电子健康记录中提取症状,开发出超越现有工具的新肺癌诊断标准.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学医学信息学
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 数字化医疗记录创造了大量的非结构化数据,提供了超越临床编码的疾病诊断改进的潜力.
- 从自由文本中提取临床概念,特别是患者的症状,对于提高诊断准确性至关重要.
- 这项研究的重点是开发一种自动化的方法,从二次护理数据来确定肺癌诊断标准.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一种方法,使用自然语言处理 (NLP) 在非结构化电子健康记录 (EHR) 上自动生成肺癌诊断标准.
- 通过利用更广泛的临床信息来改进现有的肺癌风险评估工具.
- 证明NLP在提取和利用症状数据用于诊断目的中的实用性.
主要方法:
- 利用NLP,具体命名为实体识别,从40岁以上的患者的非结构化EHR数据中提取症状,这些患者在2016-2022年期间进行了胸部X射线 (CXR).
- 将提取的症状映射到 SNOMED-CT 代码中,并使用 SNOMED-CT 层次的归纳来管理特征稀疏性.
- 采用遗传算法来识别形成诊断标准的最具歧视性的特征,根据ICD-10代码和临床结果进行验证.
主要成果:
- 该NLP衍生模型在CXR后12个月内识别肺癌诊断时,实现了0.72的接收器操作特征曲线 (AUROC) 下的面积.
- 识别了"咳"等特定症状和"肺部疾病"等疾病,增加了肺癌的可能性.
- 发现"大血管的异常"和"后关节的障碍"与肺癌风险降低有关,这表明了替代诊断.
结论:
- 基于NLP的方法成功地从非结构化的二次护理数据中推导出肺癌诊断标准,优于现有的风险工具.
- 这些发现凸显了NLP在瘤学中增强诊断能力和患者护理的潜力.
- 未来的工作应该整合初级保健数据,并确保SNOMED-CT概念在临床上上下文化,以便更广泛地采用.
相关概念视频
Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis
1.2K
The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters...
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters...
1.2K
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I
2.5K
A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
There are thirteen domains...
There are thirteen domains...
2.5K
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
301
Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
301
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
2.5K
Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Medical History
2.5K


