学龄前儿童的身体健康和执行功能之间的关系:一个横截面研究
Zhaowen Zhou1, Yiping Chen2, Ke Huang2
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation
|December 5, 2024
概括
身体健康,特别是速度敏捷性和下肢力量,与学龄前儿童更好的抑制控制有关. 这一发现有助于为具有执行功能挑战的儿童开发有针对性的体育活动计划.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 身体健康 (PF) 对儿童的整体发展至关重要,影响身体和认知功能.
- 越来越多的研究突出了身体健康和执行功能之间的联系.
- 对于影响不同执行功能领域的特定PF组件的清晰度是必要的,以便在执行功能障碍儿童中进行有效的干预.
研究的目的:
- 研究各种体能成分与学龄前儿童的特定执行功能领域之间的关系.
- 确定身体健康的哪些方面与认知灵活性,工作记忆和抑制控制最相关.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及14所幼儿园272名学龄前儿童 (3-6岁) 的横截面研究.
- 使用国家身体健康测量 (NPFM) 评估身体健康,包括测试速度敏捷性 (10米穿运行测试),下肢力量 (站长跳跃) 等.
- 执行功能使用尺寸变化卡排序 (认知灵活性),数字跨度测试 (工作记忆) 和头脚-膝盖-肩膀任务 (抑制控制) 进行评估.
主要成果:
- 在身体健康和执行功能领域之间发现了显著的关联.
- 年龄是认知灵活性和工作记忆的主要预测因素.
- 在速度-敏捷性 (穿运行测试) 和下肢力量 (站长跳) 中更好的表现与更高的抑制控制相关.
结论:
- 身体健康,特别是速度敏捷性和下肢力量,与学龄前儿童的抑制控制有显著的关系.
- 这些发现表明,针对这些健身组件的有针对性的体育活动可能有利于抑制控制的发展.
- 了解这些联系可以为经历执行功能困难的儿童设计身体干预计划提供信息.
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