计算机和国际象棋大师:人工智能在改变人类精英表现中的作用
Merim Bilalić1, Mario Graf2, Nemanja Vaci3
1Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle, UK.
British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)
|December 5, 2024
概括
人工智能 (AI) 协助精英国际象棋运动员,提高了几十年来决策质量. 最近的AI进步令人惊的是还没有显著影响顶级玩家的表现.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 人类绩效分析 人类绩效分析
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 越来越多地补充了人类在各种领域的表现.
- 人工智能对最高水平的人类专业知识的影响在很大程度上仍未被探索.
- 由于其复杂性和客观评估,国际象棋作为人工智能和心理学研究的强大测试台.
研究的目的:
- 分析人工智能进步对精英棋手决策质量的影响.
- 调查两个主要的人工智能国际象棋时代对人类表现的影响.
- 为了确定人工智能是否改变了顶级国际象棋运动员的进步轨迹.
主要方法:
- 分析了精英国际象棋运动员做出的1160多万个决策.
- 检查跨越四十年的性能数据,包括两个AI革命.
- 对玩家改进率与人工智能开发时间表进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 在国际象棋中,人类的决策质量在过去40年里,无论年龄如何,都在稳步提高.
- 上世纪90年代末的第一个人工智能革命主要在最年轻的顶级玩家中取得了进展.
- 最近的深度学习人工智能革命还没有明显影响到最精英的棋手的表现.
结论:
- 人工智能有可能在复杂的领域提升人类的能力,这取决于特定的条件.
- 精英人类的表现可以与人工智能一起稳步发展,而不是突然被破坏.
- 需要进一步的研究,以了解先进的人工智能对顶级人类专业知识的长期影响.
相关概念视频
01:16Non-equilibrium in the Cell
4.2K
An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...
4.2K
01:20Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
427
Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
427
02:16Stereotype Content Model
14.0K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.0K
01:04Social Facilitation
31.8K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
31.8K
01:15Natural Selection and Adaptation
170
Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
Beyond physical adaptations,...
170
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
71
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
71