在北京地区的过敏病患者中,常见的花粉和相关的过敏原成分
Yi-Bo Hou1,2, Jin-Lu Sun1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Frontiers in allergy
|December 6, 2024
概括
花粉过敏很常见,在北京,杂草花粉是主要的过敏原. 像Platanus这样的特定花粉类型在患有呼吸道过敏的年轻患者中更为普遍.
科学领域:
- 过敏和免疫学 过敏和免疫学
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 呼吸系统医学 呼吸系统医学
背景情况:
- 花粉过敏原是过敏性鼻炎和喘的主要原因,严重影响生活质量.
- 花粉过敏原之间的交叉反应是广泛的,复杂的诊断和治疗.
研究的目的:
- 在北京调查常见的花粉过敏原的分布.
- 分析不同患者人口统计 (年龄,性别) 和过敏状况的过敏原流行率.
- 探索花粉过敏原成分,临床症状和交叉反应性碳水化合物决定因素 (CCD) 之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 招募了84名患有呼吸道过敏和至少一个花粉过敏的患者.
- 利用免疫阻塞检测患者血清中的特定IgE.
- 采用光编码的微球测定来评估IgE与过敏原成分和CCD的对比.
主要成果:
- 杂草花粉 (Artemisia spp., Humulus scandens, Amaranthus, Parietaria micrantha) 是北京北部最常见的过敏原.
- 与老年患者 (9.17%) 相比,Platanus花粉过敏原的阳性在18岁以下的患者 (55.56%) 中显著更高.
- 患有过敏性鼻炎和喘的患者与仅患有过敏性鼻炎的患者相比,对Betula (37.93%) 和Platanus (51.72%) 花粉过敏原的阳性反应增加.
结论:
- 确定了关键的花粉过敏原及其在北京的分布,根据年龄和过敏疾病而有所不同.
- 在北方地区,杂草花粉是重要的过敏原.
- 在被研究的人群中,CCD特异性IgE的患病率很低 (1.19%),这表明交叉活性影响有限.
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