高致病性禽流感病毒在野生动物-家禽-环境界面的传播动态:一个案例研究
Jolene A Giacinti1, Madeline Jarvis-Cross2, Hannah Lewis3
1Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|December 6, 2024
概括
高致病性禽流感病毒 (HPAIV) 可以在环境和无症状的野生鸟类中存在. 加强生物安全至关重要,以最大限度地减少野生动物和家禽之间的HPAIV溢出和反向传播风险.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 野生动物流行病学
- 传染病生态学 传染病生态学
背景情况:
- 禽流感病毒 (AIV) 在野生和家禽之间传播,高度致病性菌株 (HPAIV) 构成动物感染风险.
- 了解野生动物与养动物接口的HPAIV持久性和传播动态至关重要,但仍然有限.
- 最近的H5N1 HPAIV疫情凸显了在野生动物和环境水库中调查病毒循环的必要性.
研究的目的:
- 调查AIV,特别是H5N1 HPAIV在野生动物和感染家禽场所周围环境中的传播周期.
- 探索病毒持久性和溢出/反传播事件在家禽和野生鸟种群之间的接口的潜力.
- 评估无症状野生鸟类和环境水库在HPAIV传播周期中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在感染家禽场地100公里半径内,对被囚禁的鸟群,现场水体 (沉积物) 和野生动物监测 (活,生病,死亡) 的样本进行综合测试.
- 血清学测试,以检测在囚禁中的黄牛中的H5暴露,以及PCR检测各种样本类型中的病毒遗传物质.
- 在家禽疫情爆发之前和之后,对野生鸟种群的AIV监测数据的分析.
主要成果:
- 在现场的囚禁黄牛中发现了H5暴露的血清证据,尽管没有临床症状或PCR阳性检测.
- 在现场湿地沉积物中检测到H5N1 HPAIV亚型和低致病性AIV的遗传物质.
- 野生动物监测证实H5N1在野生鸟群中在家禽群体确认之前和之后传播.
结论:
- 野生鸟类可以携带和无症状传播HPAIV,从而促进环境持久性.
- 环境水库,如湿地,可以容纳AIV遗传物质.
- 强有力的生物安全措施对于减轻HPAIV溢出和反向传播在野生动物和家禽界面的风险至关重要.
关键词:
禽流感病毒是禽流感病毒的一种.加拿大加拿大加拿大加拿大加拿大加拿大养家禽 养家禽是一种家禽.环境 环境 环境 环境这是一种H5N1流感.高致病性禽流感病毒 (HPAIV) 是一种高度致病性禽流感病毒.马拉德 (Mallard) 是一个小鸟.迁徙鸟类 迁徙鸟类 迁徙鸟类溢出回流是如何回流的溢出影响 溢出影响野生鸟类监视监视 野生鸟类监视野生动物与家禽的接口.更多相关视频
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