辩论:以学校为基础的普遍心理健康干预措施的下一个方向是什么? 现在是时候走向更有效的替代方案了
Jack L Andrews1, Lucy Foulkes1
1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Child and adolescent mental health
|December 7, 2024
概括
基于学校的普遍心理健康预防比有针对性的方法效率低. 有证据表明,这些计划产生有限的积极影响,甚至可能造成伤害,促使人们转向个性化干预以获得更好的结果.
科学领域:
- 儿童和青少年心理学 儿童和青少年心理学
- 心理健康干预研究研究 心理健康干预研究
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 年轻人面临着重大的心理健康挑战,需要有效的干预措施.
- 基于学校的普遍课程,利用认知行为疗法 (CBT) 和正念,很常见,但它们的有效性仍在争论中.
- 许多通用课程的学生已经满足了心理健康障碍的诊断标准.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地评估支持通用学校精神健康预防计划的证据.
- 论证从普遍转向更有针对性,个性化和间接干预方法的范式转变.
- 为了回应Birrell等人. 通过倡导将资源重新分配到基于证据的,量身定制的战略.
主要方法:
- 这是一个评论,而不是经验研究;它综合了现有的证据和理论论证.
- 批判性地分析普遍预防模型的有效性,影响和接收.
- 将通用方法与有针对性,一对一和间接干预策略进行比较.
主要成果:
- 与有针对性的干预措施相比,基于学校的普遍预防显示出有限的有效性.
- 这些计划往往产生无效或不持续的积极影响,可能会产生负面后果.
- 年轻人经常报告对通用计划的参与度和满意度较低.
结论:
- 证据不支持普遍使用基于学校的心理健康预防.
- 建议转向有针对性的,一对一的和间接的方法,以提高效率.
- 应该投入有限的资源来改进和传播更强有力的证据基础的干预措施,以改善青少年心理健康结果.
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