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土壤中的微塑料分析:比较评估.

Stoyana Peneva1, Quynh Nhu Phan Le2, Davi R Munhoz3

  • 1Wessling GmbH, AM Umweltpark 1, Bochum 44793, Germany; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, Bonn 53115, Germany.

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此摘要是机器生成的。

在土壤中比较微塑料 (MiP) 量化方法时,根据塑料类型和土壤特性,在精度和灵敏度方面存在显著差异. 使用1H NMR光谱的索克斯莱特提取对于量化小型可生物降解的MiP是最有效的.

关键词:
传统的合成和生物降解聚合物.土壤污染 土壤污染频谱学是一种光谱学.

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科学领域:

  • 环境科学 环境科学
  • 分析化学 分析化学
  • 土壤科学 土壤科学

背景情况:

  • 微塑料 (MiP) 污染是一个日益严重的环境问题.
  • 缺乏在各种土壤矩阵中量化MiPs的标准化方法.
  • 量化技术的变化阻碍了数据协调和风险评估.

研究的目的:

  • 为了比较各种分析协议的有效性,用于在土壤中量化微塑料.
  • 评估不同检测技术 (显微镜,光谱,色谱) 与提取方法相结合.
  • 评估不同土壤类型和微塑料材料 (包括可生物降解塑料) 的方法性能.

主要方法:

  • 数字,光,FTIR和拉曼显微镜的比较.
  • 热解气体染色学质谱学 (Py-GC-MS) 和1HNMR光谱学的评估.
  • 在三种不同含有有机碳和粘土的土壤类型上,使用各种聚合物类型 (HDPE,LDPE,PP,PS,PA,PET,PVC,PBAT/PLA) 的大型 (0.5-1毫米) 和小型 (20-250微米) 微塑料进行测试协议.

主要成果:

  • 光显微镜显示,大型微塑料的回收率很高 (74-98%).
  • 拉曼光谱的性能受到土壤有机物质的影响,需要大量的预处理.
  • 索克斯莱特提取与1HNMR光谱学相结合,为小型可生物降解微塑料 (PBAT/PLA) 提供了可靠的量化,而光显微镜无法得到这些量化.
  • Py-GC-MS表现出中间结果,对塑料类型的敏感性降低,在富含粘土的土壤中回收率较低.

结论:

  • 没有一种方法是普遍优越的;方法的选择取决于微塑料的类型,大小和土壤特征.
  • 在不同方法中直接比较微塑料负载需要仔细考虑它们的局限性.
  • 建议使用1H NMR进行Soxhlet提取,以准确量化小型,可生物降解的微塑料,这对于设定未来的环境值至关重要.