土壤中的微塑料分析:比较评估
Stoyana Peneva1, Quynh Nhu Phan Le2, Davi R Munhoz3
1Wessling GmbH, AM Umweltpark 1, Bochum 44793, Germany; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, Bonn 53115, Germany.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
|December 7, 2024
概括
在土壤中比较微塑料 (MiP) 量化方法时,根据塑料类型和土壤特性,在精度和灵敏度方面存在显著差异. 使用1H NMR光谱的索克斯莱特提取对于量化小型可生物降解的MiP是最有效的.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 分析化学 分析化学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
背景情况:
- 微塑料 (MiP) 污染是一个日益严重的环境问题.
- 缺乏在各种土壤矩阵中量化MiPs的标准化方法.
- 量化技术的变化阻碍了数据协调和风险评估.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较各种分析协议的有效性,用于在土壤中量化微塑料.
- 评估不同检测技术 (显微镜,光谱,色谱) 与提取方法相结合.
- 评估不同土壤类型和微塑料材料 (包括可生物降解塑料) 的方法性能.
主要方法:
- 数字,光,FTIR和拉曼显微镜的比较.
- 热解气体染色学质谱学 (Py-GC-MS) 和1HNMR光谱学的评估.
- 在三种不同含有有机碳和粘土的土壤类型上,使用各种聚合物类型 (HDPE,LDPE,PP,PS,PA,PET,PVC,PBAT/PLA) 的大型 (0.5-1毫米) 和小型 (20-250微米) 微塑料进行测试协议.
主要成果:
- 光显微镜显示,大型微塑料的回收率很高 (74-98%).
- 拉曼光谱的性能受到土壤有机物质的影响,需要大量的预处理.
- 索克斯莱特提取与1HNMR光谱学相结合,为小型可生物降解微塑料 (PBAT/PLA) 提供了可靠的量化,而光显微镜无法得到这些量化.
- Py-GC-MS表现出中间结果,对塑料类型的敏感性降低,在富含粘土的土壤中回收率较低.
结论:
- 没有一种方法是普遍优越的;方法的选择取决于微塑料的类型,大小和土壤特征.
- 在不同方法中直接比较微塑料负载需要仔细考虑它们的局限性.
- 建议使用1H NMR进行Soxhlet提取,以准确量化小型,可生物降解的微塑料,这对于设定未来的环境值至关重要.
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