积极的未标记的学习选择不是随机的 (PULSNAR):在没有选择完全随机的假设的情况下估计类比例
Praveen Kumar1, Christophe G Lambert1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Translational Informatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States.
PeerJ. Computer science
|December 9, 2024
概括
新的算法通过解决选择非随机 (SNAR) 问题来改善积极和未标记 (PU) 学习. PULSNAR在真实世界的场景中提高了分类准确性,真负数很少.
科学领域:
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
背景情况:
- 积极和未标记的 (PU) 学习是一种半监督的分类方法,在很难获得负面实例时至关重要.
- 现有的PU算法通常假设正值被完全随机选择 (SCAR),这在许多现实应用中失败,例如医疗保健.
- 违反SCAR假设导致正比率 (α) 的估计不准确,模型校准不佳.
研究的目的:
- 开发新的PU学习算法,可以估计α并为未标记的实例提供校准的概率.
- 改进分类指标在场景中,积极的选择不是随机的 (SNAR).
主要方法:
- 提出了两个算法:PULSCAR (积极的未标记的学习完全随机选择) 和PULSNAR (积极的未标记的学习选择不随机).
- 普尔斯纳利用分裂与征服策略将SNAR阳性聚类成子类型.
- 通过将PULSCAR应用到聚类的阳性和所有未标记的数据,为每个亚型估计α.
主要成果:
- PULSNAR有效处理SNAR数据,改善α的估计和模型校准.
- 拟议的算法在合成和现实世界数据集上表现出优越的性能,与最先进的方法相比.
- 普尔斯纳实现了更好的分类指标,表明更可靠地识别了积极实例.
结论:
- 对于具有SNAR特征的PU学习问题,PULSNAR算法提供了一个强大的解决方案.
- 这种方法提高了PU学习在医疗保健和药物发现等领域的实际应用性.
- 开发的方法在具有挑战性的半监督环境中提供了更准确,更可靠的分类.
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