在NCAA第一师女子足球运动员的大学职业生涯中,身体组成的变化
Grant M Tinsley1, Mary K Meyer2,3, Sarah M Ptak2,3
1Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
Journal of strength and conditioning research
|December 9, 2024
概括
女子大学足球运动员在职业生涯中经历了有益的身体组成变化. 参与导致骨和瘦肉量增加,身体脂肪减少,突出体育专业化的积极影响.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 人类生物学 人类生物学
背景情况:
- 身体构成显著影响体育表现.
- 由于女性足球的体育专业化,身体构成的纵向变化尚未得到充分理解.
- 了解这些变化对于优化大学运动员的训练和健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查和描述NCAA第一师女子足球运动员在整个大学生涯中身体组成的纵向变化.
- 为了确定骨质量,肌肉质量和脂肪质量的具体变化,以应对持续参与大学女子足球.
- 探索身体构成变化与玩位置或比赛分钟等因素之间的潜在关系.
主要方法:
- 连续的双能X射线吸收计 (DXA) 扫描对NCAA第一师女子足球运动员进行了扫描.
- 分析了80名玩家多次DXA扫描和17名玩家至少3年的数据的数据.
- 采用线性混合效应模型来评估随时间的变化,考虑比赛位置和比赛分钟.
主要成果:
- 在所有参与者 (n=80) 中,观察到骨质 (1.4%),总瘦质 (1.7%) 和无脂肪质量指数 (0.3 kg·m−2) 的显著增加.
- 这些收益伴随着区域骨和瘦肉量增加,以及体脂百分比和腿部脂肪量减少.
- 具有≥3年的数据 (n=17) 的运动员表现出更明显的改善,包括骨矿物质密度 (2.2%) 和肌肉质量增加.
结论:
- 大学女子足球参与与身体构成的有利适应有关.
- 持续参与体育运动有助于显著增加骨和肌肉质量,同时减少身体脂肪.
- 这些积极的变化强调了长期参与大学女子足球运动的生理益处.
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