动物中肝炎E病毒的古代进化起源
Wendy K Jo1, Murilo Henrique Anzolini Cassiano1, Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho1
1Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.
概括
动物相关的肝病毒是动物感染的重要来源,动物是人类肝炎E病毒 (HEV) 进化的主要来源. 加强对这些病毒的监测对于公共卫生风险评估至关重要.
科学领域:
- 病毒学和进化生物学
- 动物传播疾病流行病学
- 基因组学和植物遗传学
背景情况:
- 肝炎E病毒 (HEV) 每年造成超过4万人的死亡,动物传播主要来自类动物和老鼠.
- 动物相关的肝病毒具有显著的动物感染潜力,但它们的进化历史和HEV出现中的作用仍然未被充分探索.
- 以前的基因组数据暗示出不同的动物和蝙蝠相关的肝病毒.
研究的目的:
- 在全球范围内研究过小的动物,和蝙蝠种群中研究肝病毒的遗传多样性和进化起源.
- 阐明人类相关的HEV的祖先关系,并确定其进化中涉及的关键宿主储库.
- 通过综合的基因组和遗传学分析,评估动物相关的肝病毒的动物感染潜力.
主要方法:
- 基因组数据挖掘用于识别动物和蝙蝠中的新型肝病毒.
- 在非洲,亚洲和拉丁美洲 (2011-2018) 的108个物种中的2565个肝脏标本进行RT-PCR查.
- 恢复和分析24个几乎完整的hepeviral基因组,植物遗传学分析 (帕西蒙,贝叶斯) 和植物遗传学和解.
主要成果:
- 在14种动物物种的现场样本中,在2.5%的样本中检测到型病毒,检测率有显著差异.
- 恢复了24个新型基因组,揭示了来自动物的五种不同类型的基底人类和老鼠HEV的类肝病毒.
- 遗传学分析表明动物是跨境宿主转移的主要来源,预计的动物宿主是人类和类HEV的非最近进化起源.
结论:
- 动物被确定为肝病毒跨境宿主转移的主要来源,对HEV进化有显著的贡献.
- 这项研究阐明了人类HEV的复杂谱系,强调动物是关键的祖先储存库.
- 增加对动物相关的肝病毒的监测和实验风险评估是有必要的,因为它们具有动物感染的潜力.
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