脊侧前额叶皮质的青少年成熟和认知功能得到了多巴胺相关的神经生物学的支持
Ashley C Parr1, Maria I Perica2, Finnegan J Calabro2,3
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. parrac@upmc.edu.
Molecular psychiatry
|December 9, 2024
概括
多巴胺影响青春期的大脑发育,影响神经递质平衡和工作记忆. 多巴胺的个体差异,反映在铁水平上,塑造了这些关键的发育轨迹.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 青春期是前额叶皮层 (PFC) 发育的关键时期,其标志着激发性 (glutamatergic,Glu) 和抑制性 (gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA) 神经递质平衡 (E:I) 的转变.
- 多巴胺 (DA) 在动物模型中与PFC E:I的发育变化有关,但其在人类中的机械作用尚不清楚.
- 基底腺组织铁是多巴胺神经生理学的标志物.
研究的目的:
- 研究基底腺组织铁,PFC神经递质平衡 (Glu:GABA) 和人类从青春期到成年期的工作记忆发展之间的关系.
- 探索多巴胺神经生理学中的个体差异,通过组织铁索引,如何影响PFC E:I和认知功能的纵向轨迹.
主要方法:
- 在153名参与者 (10-32岁) 中使用了7特斯拉 (7T) 回声平面成像 (EPI) 和磁共振光谱成像 (MRSI).
- 采用了通用添加剂混合模型 (GAMMs) 来分析基底腺组织铁的纵向变化,背侧PFCGlu和GABA水平,Glu:GABA比率和工作记忆性能.
- 评估组织铁作为多巴胺神经生理学的代理物.
主要成果:
- 基底腺组织铁在青春期增加,而Glu:GABA比率从青春期到成年期下降.
- 较高的基底腺组织铁与与年龄相关的Glu和Glu:GABA的下降有关,导致年轻成人时GABA的相对增加.
- 组织铁的个体差异缓和了工作记忆的发展,较高的铁含量与成年后的急剧改善和更好的表现有关.
结论:
- 为人类青春期的临界期可塑性模型提供了新的证据.
- 表明多巴胺神经生理学中的个体变化,反映在基底腺组织铁中,在调节PFC E:I平衡和PFC依赖的认知发育中发挥作用.
- 突出了多巴胺在从青春期过渡到成年期的认知功能微调中的作用.
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