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关于空气污染对神经精神病学和神经病理学影响的机制性见解

Katherine M Rentschler¹, Urmila P Kodavanti²

¹Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.

Critical reviews in toxicology

|December 10, 2024

概括

空气污染带来健康风险,可能导致神经和神经精神疾病. 暴露会影响压力轴和神经内分泌功能,影响大脑健康和全身疾病风险.

科学领域:

环境健康环境健康
神经科学是一个神经科学.
内分泌学在内分泌学.

背景情况:

空气污染是一个主要的环境健康风险,与心肺,代谢和越来越多的神经和神经精神疾病有关.
吸入的污染物,包括挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 和颗粒物 (PM),可以激活应激反应通路,如下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 和交感-上腺-髓 (SAM) 轴.
长期暴露可能导致神经炎症和神经内分泌失衡,可溶性PM可能通过神经通路或全身循环到达神经组织.

研究的目的:

审查由于空气污染暴露而导致神经病理的神经化学,神经内分泌和分子机制.
探索导致空气污染相关疾病的双向神经和系统相互作用.
解决适应性和易感性的变化,并将外周组织影响与中枢神经系统影响联系起来.

主要方法:

对空气污染及其神经效应现有研究的文献综述.
对通过吸入污染物激活HPA和SAM轴的研究进行分析.
检查关于颗粒物转移及其在神经组织中的沉积的证据.
对受空气污染影响的神经内分泌和分子通路的研究进行审查.

主要成果:

暴露于空气污染可能会破坏HPA,SAM,下丘脑-垂体-淋巴腺 (HPG) 和下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺 (HPT) 轴.
颗粒物,特别是纳米大小的颗粒和金属,可以穿过血脑屏障 (BBB) 并沉积在大脑中,造成分子损伤.
压力激素,新陈代谢状态变化和免疫标志物受到空气污染的影响,影响大脑功能和系统健康.

结论:

空气污染通过神经炎症和神经内分泌失衡导致神经病理.
污染物的系统转移和随后的荷尔蒙变化会产生影响大脑健康的反循环.
了解这些复杂的机制对于评估与空气污染相关的神经和全身疾病的风险至关重要.

关键词:

脑下垂体-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴神经毒理学神经毒理学空气污染空气污染神经内分泌系统的破坏神经炎症是一种神经炎症.神经精神疾病是一种神经精神疾病.氧化应激是一种氧化应激.臭氧层中的臭氧.颗粒物质颗粒物质颗粒物质压力就是压力,压力就是压力.

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