幻觉药物作为对绝症患者心理,存在性痛苦的干预:系统性审查和网络元分析
Mattia Marchi1,2, Riccardo Farina3, Karim Rachedi1
1Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
|December 10, 2024
概括
像psilocybin和LSD这样的迷幻药在减轻绝症患者的抑郁和焦虑方面表现有前途. 需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现,并比较不同的迷幻化合物.
科学领域:
- 心理药理学 心理药理学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 抚慰性护理是一种缓解性护理.
背景情况:
- 迷幻药正在被调查,因为它们有潜力减轻绝症患者存在的痛苦.
- 他们提出的机制涉及解决生命终结体验的精神和存在方面的问题.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和进行网络元分析,以研究精神药物化合物的有效性和安全性,以治疗绝症患者存在的痛苦.
- 为了评估迷幻药对抑郁症和焦虑症的影响,作为存在的痛苦的代理.
主要方法:
- 对随机对照试验 (RCT) 进行了对多个数据库 (PubMed,CINAHL,PsycINFO,EMBASE,clinicaltrials.gov) 的系统搜索.
- 使用随机效应模型进行对对和网络元分析,以估计治疗效应 (SMD,OR) 和其置信区间.
- 主要结局包括治疗后的抑郁,焦虑和治疗耐受性.
主要成果:
- 纳入了9项研究,共606名参与者 (362名接受迷幻药物治疗),涉及psilocybin,ketamine,MDMA和LSD.
- 迷幻药在减少抑郁症 (SMD: -0.80) 和焦虑症 (SMD: -0.84) 中表现出显著的有效性.
- 松素对抑郁症最有效,而LSD对焦虑症最有效,尽管直接比较缺乏统计学意义. 副作用的发生率与对照组相比较.
结论:
- 迷幻药物,特别是psilocybin和LSD,显示出治疗绝症患者抑郁和焦虑的潜力.
- 局限性包括少量的RCT,方法上的挑战 (例如,盲目的),以及缺乏直接的对比.
- 需要进行更大规模的比较研究来巩固这些有前途的发现,并指导临床应用.
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