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人类乳头瘤病毒基因型特异性流行率和感染风险:美国10年人口研究

Cosette M Wheeler^1,2, Rachael Adcock¹, William C Hunt¹

¹Center for HPV Prevention, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute

|December 10, 2024

概括

四价人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 疫苗显著降低了HPV-16/18的流行率和高度状内皮病变. 然而,非疫苗HPV类型的增加可能会影响未来的减少,尽管疫苗接种的好处仍然很大.

科学领域:

流行病学流行病学
疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 疫苗对基因型特异分布的影响正在调查中.
这项研究在美国引入四价HPV疫苗十年后,对HPV基因型流行率进行了最大的基于人口的分析.

研究的目的:

在实施四价HPV疫苗 (针对HPV-6/11/16/18) 之后,评估HPV的基因型特异性流行率.
评估疫苗对HPV感染率和癌前宫病变的影响.

主要方法:

来自新墨西哥州15-30岁的宫细胞学样本使用广谱HPV基因型鉴定进行了分析.
在HPV类型特定患病率的加权相对差异是通过比较2007-2009年与2013-2016年的数据来计算的.
权重后勤回归估计了特定类型的HPV感染的相对风险.

主要成果:

在HPV-16,HPV-18,HPV-31和HPV-33的流行率中观察到显著的减少.
其他致癌型HPV的患病率 (不包括HPV-16/18) 增加了19.5%.
2007年至2018年,高度状内皮层病变或更严重的病变在2007年至2018年期间减少了49.4%.

结论:

四价HPV疫苗导致疫苗型HPV患病率和癌前病变的实质性减少.
非疫苗HPV基因型的增加可能会部分抵消未来HPV相关异常的减少.
尽管一些非疫苗类型的疫苗增加,但HPV疫苗接种的整体益处仍然很大.

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