在12至15个月大的婴儿中,手势的形式和功能
Shreejata Gupta1,2, Eulalie Pequay1, Clément François2
1Centre de Recherche en Psychologie et Neurosciences (CRPN), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
概括
婴儿的手势,包括标志性和传统类型,出现在语言发育之前. 这些前言手势与成年人的共同语言手势有功能上的相似之处,这表明它们是语言的早期前体.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 灵长类动物学 灵长类动物学
背景情况:
- 共同言语手势是人类沟通不可或缺的一部分.
- 婴儿前言手势的存在和性质在很大程度上是未被探索的.
- 之前的研究主要集中在Deictic手势,对其他类型的共识有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查婴儿的前言手势的存在和特征.
- 为了确定婴儿的手势是否表现出与成年人共同语言手势相似的语言特性.
- 探索婴儿手势作为共同语音沟通的先驱的潜力.
主要方法:
- 利用一种从灵长类手势研究中改编的种族学方法.
- 从CHILDES数据库中手动注释了26小时的婴儿护理人员互动视频.
- 分析了6名婴儿 (12-15个月) 的手势形式,类型 (代言,标志性,非参考,常规) 和功能.
主要成果:
- 识别了62种不同的手势形式在前言婴儿的剧目.
- 将这些手势分为deictic,iconic,non-referential和常规类型.
- 发现婴儿的手势类型和功能之间的关系反映了成人共同语言手势中的类型-含义关系.
结论:
- 婴儿的手势甚至在没有言语的情况下也具有语言特性.
- 前言手势表现出功能上的相似性与成年人的共同语言手势.
- 这些发现支持了婴儿手势是共同语言手势和语言发展的先驱的假设.
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