工作记忆训练对大脑网络可塑性和遗传关联的影响:从个体差异的见解
Hang Wu1, Xiongying Chen2, Yinlong Li3,4
1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|December 10, 2024
概括
认知训练增强了大脑网络的相似性,个人差异可能与遗传学有关. 了解这些遗传因素是个性化学习方法的关键.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 传统的认知学习研究往往忽视个人差异,专注于群体平均值.
- 学习能力的个体变化已经得到了充分的证据,但与大脑功能和遗传学有关的情况尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查认知训练如何影响功能性大脑连接的学科间相似性.
- 探索功能连接相似性和遗传因素的变化之间的关系,包括与精神障碍相关的单核酸多态 (SNP).
- 通过使用艾伦人类大脑图谱,检查基因表达水平上的遗传相关性.
主要方法:
- 在随机对照试验数据集上进行功能连接性分析的跨主体相似性.
- 与精神分裂症,多动症和ASD相关的基因相似性 (SNPs) 相关的功能连接相似性.
- 利用艾伦人类大脑图谱来分析基因表达相关性.
主要成果:
- 工作记忆训练增加了特定大脑网络中的功能连接的跨主体相似性,特别是边缘网络-前端对联网络.
- 训练后边缘-前端-平行体网络连接相似性的变化的遗传基础与基线不同.
- 临前对象网络的基线功能连接显示与基因表达模式的相关性.
结论:
- 认知训练会诱导个性化的大脑变化,部分受遗传倾向的影响,特别是与精神分裂症相关的SNP.
- 个人的遗传背景对于开发个性化的认知训练策略至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该整合遗传信息以优化认知增强干预.
更多相关视频
09:38Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Published on: November 14, 2017
14.8K
08:16Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory
Published on: May 11, 2020
7.2K
相关概念视频
01:01Neuroplasticity
295
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
295
01:24Working Memory
134
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
134
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
71
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
71
01:14Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
369
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
369
01:30Information Processing Approach
30
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
30
01:35Long-term Potentiation
54.8K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
54.8K