在自然洪水灾难之后,传染病爆发:全球模式和当地影响
Jaime David Acosta-España1,2,3,4,5, Daniel Romero-Alvarez1,4, Camila Luna6
1Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador.
Le infezioni in medicina
|December 11, 2024
概括
气候变化加剧的洪水增加了拉丁美洲传染病风险. 应对灾害的准备,医疗保健和卫生设施需要采取紧急行动,以减轻这些健康威胁.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 气候变化正在全球范围内增加洪水的频率和严重性.
- 拉丁美洲对自然灾害的敏感性使其易受洪水相关传染病爆发的影响.
- 洪水破坏生态系统,基础设施和获得基本服务,放大公共卫生风险.
研究的目的:
- 审查洪水对拉丁美洲传染病发病率和传播的影响.
- 确定主要的流行病学趋势,脆弱性和缓解策略.
- 分析社会经济因素和气候变化在加剧健康风险方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 一篇关于2010年至2024年5月期间发表的研究的叙述性综述.
- 在主要的科学数据库 (PubMed,Google Scholar,Scopus,Science Direct,Web of Science) 进行的搜索.
- 包括英语,西班牙语和葡萄牙语的原始描述性研究,重点关注拉丁美洲的洪水和传染病.
主要成果:
- 观察到洪水和传染病爆发之间存在显著的关联.
- 水源性疾病 (霍乱,白血病) 和媒介性疾病 (登革热,疟疾) 在洪水后的发病率增加.
- 呼吸道感染,真菌感染和皮肤疾病普遍存在,特别是在流离失所人口和受洪水影响地区.
结论:
- 洪水不成比例地影响弱势群体,强调了有针对性的干预措施的必要性.
- 改善灾害准备,医疗保健基础设施和水/卫生系统至关重要.
- 气候适应战略和加强公共卫生干预措施对于减轻未来风险至关重要.
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