在年轻和年长的成年人中,在语言生产期间命名速度:检查句子上下文的影响
Naveen Hanif1, Elizabeth Jefferies1, Angela de Bruin1
1Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
|December 11, 2024
概括
老年人保留了从预测性句子上下文中获益的能力,当检索单词时,类似于年轻人. 这一发现凸显了上下文线索在整个生命周期内为词汇访问提供持续优势.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
背景情况:
- 词汇检索,这是语音生产的关键组成部分,通常随着年龄的增长而减缓.
- 句子上下文通常有助于词汇检索,但它们对年龄相关变化的影响尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查句子上下文如何影响年轻人和老年人的词汇检索.
- 探索语义知识和控制在句子上下文对词检索的影响中的作用.
主要方法:
- 研究1:年轻人和年长的成年人将图片命名为相匹配,不匹配,中立或没有句子背景的图片.
- 研究2:参与者完成了语义知识,语言流性,语义控制和抑制的评估.
主要成果:
- 两个年龄组都显示出与中性语境相比,与可预测 (匹配) 的句子语境相比,词语的生成速度更快.
- 不匹配的语境在任何年龄组都没有显著阻碍词汇检索.
- 老年人比年轻人有更大的语义知识,但抑制和语义控制能力较弱,但这些因素无法预测上下文效应.
结论:
- 预测即将出现的单词的句子上下文有助于年轻人和老年人的词汇检索.
- 语义知识,抑制或语义控制的年龄相关差异并不能否定预测性句子语境对单词检索的好处.
更多相关视频
07:36Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
Published on: November 30, 2018
15.6K
06:48Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published on: June 25, 2019
9.1K
相关概念视频
01:22Language Development
317
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
317
01:27Language and Cognition
323
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
323
03:26Framing Effects
7.3K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.3K