近视中的性别问题:几代人不断变化的范式.
Clair A Enthoven1,2,3, Annechien E G Haarman1,3, Joanna Swierkowska-Janc1,3,4
1Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands.
European journal of epidemiology
|December 11, 2024
概括
近视的患病率因性别而异,在不同世代之间,男性在老年人群中受影响更大,而女孩在年轻人群中受影响更大. 教育和生活方式因素可能解释了近视发展中的这些转变.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 近视是全球视力障碍的日益增长的原因.
- 了解性别特异性风险因素对于有效的近视预防策略至关重要.
- 以前的研究表明,性别之间的近视患病率有所不同,但代际差异需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查两种不同的荷兰队列中近视发展的基于性别的差异,代表不同的世代.
- 评估教育和生活方式中假设干预措施对减少近视性差异的潜在影响.
- 分析近视的流行,发病率和球体等效变化,与性别和代际因素相关.
主要方法:
- 利用了两个基于荷兰人口的队列:鹿特丹研究 (1887-1960年出生的成年人) 和R世代研究 (2002-2006年出生的儿童).
- 采用顺序G估计来建模假设干预措施,并估计它们对性别特异近视结果的影响.
- 在每个队列中分析了近视的流行率和性别之间的球体等效差异.
主要成果:
- 在老一代中,男性的近视患病率比女性 (29.3%) 高 (32.3%).
- 在年轻一代 (13岁) 中,女孩的近视患病率比男孩 (20.2%) 高 (24.7%).
- 假设的干预措施降低了老年人群的教育水平,显著减少了近视的性别差异 (球体相当于-52.4%). 对于年轻人群中的阅读时间的干预表明了非显著的趋势.
结论:
- 性别特定的近视患病率模式在几代人之间发生了变化,男性在老年人群中更容易受到影响,而女孩在年轻人群中更容易受到影响.
- 教育似乎是导致近视的性别差异的一个重要因素,特别是在老一代中.
- 生活方式因素也可能在青少年近视症中发挥作用,尽管需要进一步研究更大的样本大小来确认它们对性别差异的影响.
相关概念视频
01:16Focusing of Light in the Eye
2.5K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
2.5K
01:17Accessory Structures of the Eye
1.5K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
1.5K
01:22Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
5.7K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
5.7K
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
22
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
22
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
507
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
507
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
391
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
391