癌症治疗耐药性的突变:挑战和未实现的机会
Mohammad Burhan Uddin1, Zhishan Wang2, Chengfeng Yang2,3
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|December 11, 2024
概括
癌症治疗耐药性是一个主要的挑战,但新兴的研究强调表体转录组学,特别是N6-甲基氨酸 (m6A) RNA修饰,作为一个关键因素. 针对m6A通路提供了克服治疗耐药性和改善患者生存的新策略.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
背景情况:
- 化学疗法,放射疗法和免疫疗法等癌症疗法经常面临挑战,原因是药物耐药性的发展.
- 最初的缓解后瘤复发可能更具侵略性,导致患者的存活率较低.
- 克服治疗耐药性的现有策略已经显示出有限的成功.
研究的目的:
- 审查最近关于N6-甲基氨酸 (m6A) RNA修饰及其调节蛋白在癌症治疗耐药性中的作用的研究.
- 讨论针对m6A通路的潜力,以克服对各种抗癌治疗的耐药性.
- 探索癌症治疗中的表体转录学方法的承诺和局限性.
主要方法:
- 关于癌症m6A修饰的最新研究的综合文献综述.
- 分析m6A调节蛋白对治疗耐药性的贡献.
- 讨论癌症进展和治疗反应中新出现的表观转录机制.
主要成果:
- 调节不良的m6ARNA修饰是一种新兴的机制,有助于癌症治疗耐药性.
- 特定的m6A调节蛋白在抗化疗,放射治疗和向治疗的发展中起着重要作用.
- 有证据表明,准m6A通路可能会使瘤对现有治疗方法重新敏感.
结论:
- 经转录组学,特别是m6A修饰,为克服癌症治疗耐药性提供了一个有希望的新途径.
- 准m6A通路有可能提高治疗疗效和患者的治疗结果.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分理解和利用针对m6A修饰的治疗潜力,同时考虑局限性.
相关概念视频
01:22MicroRNAs
3.0K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.0K
01:53RNA Stability
33.3K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
33.3K
02:56Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.3K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.3K
02:23RNA Editing
8.9K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
8.9K
02:51mRNA Stability and Gene Expression
5.5K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
5.5K
01:32RNA Splicing
56.0K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
56.0K