野生Canis社会群体中双重凝聚力的内在和环境驱动因素
John F Benson1, David A Keiter1, Peter J Mahoney1,2
1School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
Ecology
|December 12, 2024
概括
社交犬类根据生态因素调整它们与其他动物的近距离. 狼表现出的凝聚力高于大猩猩,受到群体大小,猎物可用性和人类干扰的影响.
科学领域:
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 社会动物根据社交的成本和好处来调整与他人相处的距离 (凝聚力).
- 凝聚力影响群体动态,如子组形成和裂变融合模式.
- 了解推动凝聚力的因素对于理解动物的合作行为至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查社会犬类 (Canis spp. 在社会犬类 (Canis spp. 在社会犬类) 中对对凝聚力的驱动因素. ) 的情况.
- 评估内在特征和环境条件如何影响社会近距离.
- 为了比较Canis属内的不同物种和种群之间的凝聚力水平.
主要方法:
- 来自15个国家的6种Canis物种的574个个体的GPS遥测数据.
- 估计在社会群体内的个人对之间相处的时间.
- 测试对群体大小,猎物可用性,季节性和人为因素对凝聚力的影响的假设.
主要成果:
- 在Canis物种和个体中,对联凝聚力差异很大 (5%-100%).
- 狼通常比野狼更有凝聚力.
- 繁殖对的凝聚力最高,并且因季节而异.
- 在狼群中,凝聚力随着群体规模的增加,小猎物的存在,人类干扰的增加和气候变化而下降.
结论:
- 在社会犬类动物中,配对凝聚力是一种塑性特性,受到生态环境的强烈影响.
- 诸如资源,竞争和人类影响等因素极大地影响了社会协会的形成.
- 对社会顶级捕食者的保护策略必须考虑其社交性和凝聚力的生态驱动因素.
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