老年患者的胃肠机动功能和功能障碍:衰老的影响有哪些?
1Department of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Erfurt, Germany.
Visceral medicine
|December 12, 2024
概括
老龄化增加了胃肠道 (GI) 运动障碍的风险,如便秘和便失禁. 神经退行和慢性疾病加剧了这些依赖年龄的胃肠道问题,影响了老年患者的护理.
科学领域:
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 神经胃肠道疾病 (肠-大脑相互作用障碍) 的患病率在全球范围内正在上升.
- 胃肠道 (GI) 运动变化是这些疾病的标志,影响所有胃肠道部分.
- 由于人口结构的变化,了解年龄依赖性和神经退行症在胃肠道运动中的作用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查消化道机动性的年龄相关变化.
- 专注于病理生理机制,特别是神经退行.
- 为了突出有关人类胃肠道衰老的研究问题.
主要方法:
- 审查现有文学专注于人类研究或人类衍生的生物材料.
- 对肠道功能与年龄相关的变化的分析.
- 检查老年人运动障碍的病理生理机制.
主要成果:
- 虽然基本的胃肠道功能在健康的衰老中在很大程度上保持不变,但便秘和便失禁的患病率会增加.
- 患有慢性疾病 (例如糖尿病,帕金森病) 的老年患者表现出二次胃肠道运动障碍的增加.
- 病理生理学涉及肠道神经元损失,Cajal和质细胞间歇细胞的改变,免疫和内分泌的变化.
结论:
- 在老年人中,吞障碍,胃空气延迟,便秘和便失禁是常见的.
- 病原发生是多因素的,包括神经元/非神经元细胞退化,代谢/神经内分泌转变和饮食.
- 区分健康的衰老与疾病相关的胃肠道变化对于改善老年患者护理和生活质量至关重要.
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