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相关概念视频

Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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The Representativeness Heuristic02:13

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The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
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Gordon Allport, often regarded as the father of American personality psychology, developed a theory that emphasized the importance of understanding people in their present lives rather than focusing on their past, as psychoanalysis did. Allport believed that personality should be studied in healthy, well-adjusted individuals rather than those with psychological problems. He was particularly interested in defining traits, which he saw as fundamental mental structures that guide behavior across...
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Traits and States01:17

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Personality traits represent consistent patterns in behavior, thoughts, and emotions, reflecting an individual's tendencies across various situations. For example, extraversion, a well-known trait, manifests in individuals as talkative, energetic, and enthusiastic behaviors. These traits are stable over time, offering a reliable framework for predicting how people might act in different contexts. However, they do not define every moment of an individual's life. In contrast to traits,...
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Hindsight Biases01:12

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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虚幻的特征:错误但有时有用.

Drew H Bailey1, Nicolas Hübner2, Steffen Zitzmann3

  • 1School of Education, University of California, Irvine.

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|December 12, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

稳定的心理特征可能是虚幻的,来自遗漏的时间变化过程. 即使特征不真实,假设它们的模型也可以在纵向数据分析中帮助因果推理.

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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 心理学 心理学 心理学
  • 统计 统计 统计 统计
  • 发展科学 发展科学

背景情况:

  • 心理测量通常表现出类似特征的特性,引发了关于稳定的心理特征性质的辩论.
  • 现有的理论强调了整个发育过程中的动态心理原因,这可能会影响特征感知.

研究的目的:

  • 调查遗漏的因果动态如何导致心理研究中的虚幻特征.
  • 评估虚幻特征对从随机截图交叉滞后面板模型 (RI-CLPM) 中得出的结论的影响.

主要方法:

  • 模拟被用来证明,有遗漏过程的线性系统如何产生类似特征的共变矩阵.
  • 这项研究检查了RI-CLPM在检测由于未建模的动态而不存在的特征方面的表现.
  • 将RI-CLPM与一个不假定稳定的特征的交叉滞后面板模型 (CLPM) 进行比较.

主要成果:

  • 模拟表明,遗漏的过程可以生成具有特征类属性的数据.
  • 即使数据生成过程纯粹是动态的,RI-CLPM也可以错误地检测特征.
  • 在具有虚幻特征的场景中,RI-CLPM提供了比CLPM更少的自回归和交叉滞后效应的偏差估计.

结论:

  • 数据中特征变异的存在并不一定证实时间不变的特征原因.
  • 假设稳定的特征的统计模型,如RI-CLPM,即使特征是虚幻的,也可能仍然提供有价值的因果推断.
  • 了解遗漏动态的作用对于准确解释心理特征研究至关重要.