虚幻的特征:错误但有时有用
Drew H Bailey1, Nicolas Hübner2, Steffen Zitzmann3
1School of Education, University of California, Irvine.
Psychological review
|December 12, 2024
概括
稳定的心理特征可能是虚幻的,来自遗漏的时间变化过程. 即使特征不真实,假设它们的模型也可以在纵向数据分析中帮助因果推理.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 统计 统计 统计 统计
- 发展科学 发展科学
背景情况:
- 心理测量通常表现出类似特征的特性,引发了关于稳定的心理特征性质的辩论.
- 现有的理论强调了整个发育过程中的动态心理原因,这可能会影响特征感知.
研究的目的:
- 调查遗漏的因果动态如何导致心理研究中的虚幻特征.
- 评估虚幻特征对从随机截图交叉滞后面板模型 (RI-CLPM) 中得出的结论的影响.
主要方法:
- 模拟被用来证明,有遗漏过程的线性系统如何产生类似特征的共变矩阵.
- 这项研究检查了RI-CLPM在检测由于未建模的动态而不存在的特征方面的表现.
- 将RI-CLPM与一个不假定稳定的特征的交叉滞后面板模型 (CLPM) 进行比较.
主要成果:
- 模拟表明,遗漏的过程可以生成具有特征类属性的数据.
- 即使数据生成过程纯粹是动态的,RI-CLPM也可以错误地检测特征.
- 在具有虚幻特征的场景中,RI-CLPM提供了比CLPM更少的自回归和交叉滞后效应的偏差估计.
结论:
- 数据中特征变异的存在并不一定证实时间不变的特征原因.
- 假设稳定的特征的统计模型,如RI-CLPM,即使特征是虚幻的,也可能仍然提供有价值的因果推断.
- 了解遗漏动态的作用对于准确解释心理特征研究至关重要.
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