法律限制对有重罪毒品定罪的人获得SNAP福利的机会:一项政策制图研究
Hridika Shah1, Alexander D McCourt1, Sachini Bandara1
1All authors are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Sachini Bandara is also with the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
American journal of public health
|December 12, 2024
概括
大多数美国州已经终止了对有重罪毒品定罪的人士的补充营养援助计划 (SNAP) 的终身禁令,选择退出或修改限制. 一些州保持严格的修改禁令.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 营养援助计划 营养援助计划
- 刑事司法 刑事司法 刑事司法
背景情况:
- 联邦法律以前对有重罪毒品定罪的个人实施了终身禁止SNAP福利的禁令.
- 这项禁令旨在阻止毒品犯罪,但对脆弱人口的粮食安全产生了影响.
- 随着时间的推移,政策实施的州级差异已经出现.
研究的目的:
- 从2004年到2021年,全面地绘制美国各州关于补充营养援助计划 (SNAP) 禁令对有重罪毒品定罪的个人政策的演变.
- 为了确定选择退出,修改或维持联邦终身禁止SNAP的州.
- 将部分禁令的国家实施的修改类型分类.
主要方法:
- 利用标准的法律映射方法来分析州级SNAP禁令政策.
- 从2004年到2021年,每年对每个州的政策状态进行分类 (终身禁令,修改禁令,选择退出)
- 详细分析2021年部分禁令的州的修改类型.
主要成果:
- 到2021年,26个州和哥伦比亚特区已经完全选择退出联邦终身禁令.
- 23个州修改了禁令,提出了不同的要求,例如缓刑遵守,治疗或测试.
- 只有一个州维持了联邦终身禁止SNAP对重罪毒品定罪的个人.
结论:
- 大多数美国州已经有效地取消了对那些有重罪毒品定罪的人的联邦终身SNAP禁令.
- 政策变化反映了对严格,长期制裁的不执行的趋势.
- 修改禁令条款的显著差异仍然存在,需要对其公共卫生影响进行进一步研究.
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